Using the Collective System Design Methodology to Improve a Medical Center Emergency Room Performance.

Emergency Room (ER) crowding is one of the more complex issues in the healthcare system worldwide. Crowding gives rise to long ER waiting times, patient dissatisfaction, and negative effects on a healthcare systems' performance. This paper focuses on the utilization of the Collective System Design (CSD) methodology to optimize the performance of an ER, which is of principal importance both from a life-threatening and an economic standpoint.