Differences in soil Cd immobilization and blockage of rice Cd uptake by biochar derived from crop residue and bone - A 2-year field experiment.

Biochar is widely recognized as an effective amendment for soils contaminated with cadmium (Cd). However, the properties and elemental compositions of biochar derived from different feedstocks may significantly impact the transfer of Cd in the soil-rice system. This study conducted a two-year field trial in Cd-contaminated paddy soil.

Iron-modified biochars and their aging reduce soil cadmium mobility and inhibit rice cadmium uptake by promoting soil iron redox cycling.

Iron (Fe) modified biochar has been widely used for cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil remediation. However, the accompanying anions introduced during the modification process potentially affect the behavior of Cd in soil. In this study, we investigated the distinct Cd immobilization mechanisms by Fe(SO) modified biochar (FSBC) and Fe(NO) modified biochar (FNBC) in a two-year pot experiment.

Biochar boosted high oleic peanut production with enhanced root development and biological N fixation by diazotrophs in a sand-loamy Primisol.

Peanut yield and quality face significant threats due to climate change and soil degradation. The potential of biochar technology to address this challenge remains unanswered, though biochar is acknowledged for its capacity to enhance the soil microbial community and plant nitrogen (N) supply. A field study was conducted in 2021 on oil peanuts grown in a sand-loamy Primisol that received organic amendments at 20 Mg ha.

Enhancing soil redox dynamics: Comparative effects of Fe-modified biochar (N-Fe and S-Fe) on Fe oxide transformation and Cd immobilization.

Biochar and modified biochar have gained wide attention for Cd-contaminated soil remediation. This study investigates the effects of rape straw biochar (RSB), sulfur-iron modified biochar (S-FeBC), and nitrogen-iron modified biochar (N-FeBC) on soil Fe oxide transformation and Cd immobilization. The mediated electrochemical analysis results showed that Fe modification effectively enhanced the electron exchange capacity (EEC) of biochar.

Potential of silicon-rich biochar (Sichar) amendment to control crop pests and pathogens in agroecosystems: A review.

We reviewed the potential of silicon (Si)-rich biochars (sichars) as crop amendments for pest and pathogen control. The main pathosystems that emerged from our systematic literature search were bacterial wilt on solanaceous crops (mainly tomato, pepper, tobacco and eggplant), piercing-sucking hemipteran pests and soil-borne fungi on gramineous crops (mainly rice and wheat), and parasitic nematodes on other crops. The major pest and pathogen mitigation pathways identified were: i) Si-based physical barriers; ii) Induction of plant defenses; iii) Enhancement of plant-beneficial/pathogen-antagonistic soil microflora in the case of root nematodes; iv) Alteration of soil physical-chemical properties resulting in Eh-pH conditions unfavorable to root nematodes; v) Alteration of soil physical-chemical properties resulting in Eh-pH, bulk density and/or water holding capacity favorable to plant growth and resulting tolerance to necrotrophic pathogens; vi) Increased Si uptake resulting in reduced plant quality, owing to reduced nitrogen intake towards some hemi-biotrophic pests or pathogens.

Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation vs Medical Therapy and Psychological Distress: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation on mental health outcomes is not well understood.

Objective: To determine whether AF catheter ablation is associated with greater improvements in markers of psychological distress compared with medical therapy alone.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Randomized Evaluation of the Impact of Catheter Ablation on Psychological Distress in Atrial Fibrillation (REMEDIAL) study was a randomized trial of symptomatic participants conducted in 2 AF centers in Australia between June 2018 and March 2021.

Rape straw biochar enhanced Cd immobilization in flooded paddy soil by promoting Fe and sulfur transformation.

Cd is normally associated with sulfide and Fe oxides in flooded paddy soil. The mechanisms of biochar enhanced Cd immobilization by promoting Fe transformation and sulfide formation are unclear. Rape straw biochar (RSB) pyrolyzed at 450 °C (LB) and 800 °C (HB) was added to Cd-contaminated paddy soil at 1% (LB1, HB1) and 2% (LB2, HB2) doses.

Gut Microbiota and Atrial Fibrillation: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms and Therapies.

Over the past decade there has been an interest in understanding the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AF. A number of studies have linked the gut microbiota to the occurrence of traditional AF risk factors such as hypertension and obesity. However, it remains unclear whether gut dysbiosis has a direct effect on arrhythmogenesis in AF.

Impact of Catheter Ablation on Cognitive Function in Atrial Fibrillation: A Randomized Control Trial.

Background: Early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has been reported following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. However, whether POCD is persistent long-term is unknown.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if AF catheter ablation is associated with persistent cognitive dysfunction at 12-month follow-up.

Impact of early vs. delayed atrial fibrillation catheter ablation on atrial arrhythmia recurrences.

Background: Catheter ablation is an effective strategy in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, its timing in the course of management remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if an early vs.

Insight into the Speciation of Heavy Metals in the Contaminated Soil Incubated with Corn Cob-Derived Biochar and Apatite.

Soil heavy metal contamination is a severe issue. The detrimental impact of contaminated heavy metals on the ecosystem depends on the chemical form of heavy metals. Biochar produced at 400 °C (CB400) and 600 °C (CB600) from corn cob was applied to remediate Pb and Zn in contaminated soil.

Inducing Inorganic Carbon Accrual in Subsoil through Biochar Application on Calcareous Topsoil.

Biochar amendments add persistent organic carbon to soil and can stabilize rhizodeposits and existing soil organic carbon (SOC), but effects of biochar on subsoil carbon stocks have been overlooked. We quantified changes in soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and SOC to 2 m depth 10 years after biochar application to calcareous soil. The total soil carbon (i.

More microbial manipulation and plant defense than soil fertility for biochar in food production: A field experiment of replanted ginseng with different biochars.

The role of biochar-microbe interaction in plant rhizosphere mediating soil-borne disease suppression has been poorly understood for plant health in field conditions. Chinese ginseng ( C. A.

Chemical Fractionations of Lead and Zinc in the Contaminated Soil Amended with the Blended Biochar/Apatite.

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural land is an alarming issue in Vietnam. It is necessary to develop suitable remediation methods for environmental and farming purposes. The present study investigated the effectiveness of using peanut shell-derived biochar to remediate the two heavy metals Zn and Pb in laboratory soil assays following Tessier’s sequential extraction procedure.

Young carers in Japan: Reliability and validity testing of the BBC/University of Nottingham young carers survey questionnaire and prevalence estimation in 5000 adolescents.

Aim: Young carers (YCs) refer to children under the age of 18 who assume responsibilities that would normally be assumed by adults, such as caring for family members in need of care. In recent years, the concept of YCs has been expanding in Japan, and the government has been rapidly implementing strategies to support them. There is a need for a survey scale for YCs that uses standardized methods that can be compared internationally.

Microspectroscopic visualization of how biochar lifts the soil organic carbon ceiling.

The soil carbon (C) saturation concept suggests an upper limit to the storage of soil organic carbon (SOC). It is set by the mechanisms that protect soil organic matter from mineralization. Biochar has the capacity to protect new C, including rhizodeposits and microbial necromass.

Research and Innovation for and with Adolescent Young Carers to Influence Policy and Practice-The European Union Funded "ME-WE" Project.

Young carers are children and adolescents who provide care to other family members or friends, taking over responsibilities that are usually associated with adulthood. There is emerging but still scarce knowledge worldwide about the phenomenon of young carers and the impact of a caring role on their health, social and personal development spheres. This paper provides an overview of the main results from the ME-WE project, which is the first European research and innovation project dedicated to adolescent young carers (AYCs) (15-17 years).

Impact of CPAP on the Atrial Fibrillation Substrate in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: The SLEEP-AF Study.

Background: Observational studies report that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increasingly remodeled atrial substrate in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the impact of OSA management on the electrophysiologic substrate has not been evaluated.

Objectives: In this study, the authors sought to determine the impact of OSA management on the atrial substrate in AF.

Improved ginseng production under continuous cropping through soil health reinforcement and rhizosphere microbial manipulation with biochar: a field study of from Northeast China.

The production of ginseng, an important Chinese medicine crop, has been increasingly challenged by soil degradation and pathogenic disease under continuous cropping in Northeast China. In a field experiment, an Alfisol garden continuously cropped with Chinese ginseng ( C. A.

Metaheuristic algorithms for PID controller parameters tuning: review, approaches and open problems.

The simplicity, transparency, reliability, high efficiency and robust nature of PID controllers are some of the reasons for their high popularity and acceptance for control in process industries around the world today. Tuning of PID control parameters has been a field of active research and still is. The primary objectives of PID control parameters are to achieve minimal overshoot in steady state response and lesser settling time.

A comparison between the characteristics of a biochar-NPK granule and a commercial NPK granule for application in the soil.

Continual application of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer may not return a profit to farmers due to the costs of application and the loss of NPK from soil in various ways. Thus, a combination of NPK granule with a porous biochar (termed here as BNPK) appears to offer multiple benefits resulting from the excellent properties of biochar. Given the lack of information on the properties of NPK and BNPK fertilizers, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of both to achieve a good understanding of why BNPK granule is superior to NPK granule.