Overcoming the oral aspects of -self-mutilation: description of a method.

Background/aim: Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a serious and chronic condition frequently seen in special needs populations, affecting 10% to 17% of individuals diagnosed with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities. A 2.5-year-old infant with SIB, whose presenting symptoms were severe tongue and lip lacerations accompanied by much hemorrhage, is presented here to illustrate the problem and to show how this may be prevented.

The influence of location of local anesthesia and complexity/duration of restorative treatment on children's behavior during dental treatment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the region of local anesthetic injection and the complexity and duration of restorative treatment were associated with children's behavior during and immediately after dental treatment.

Methods: This study examined 90 children, divided into two age groups (2-3.5 years old and > 3.

The influence of location of local anesthesia and complexity/duration of restorative treatment on children's behavior during dental treatment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the region of local anesthetic injection and the complexity and duration of restorative treatment were associated with children's behavior during and immediately after dental treatment.

Methods: This study examined 90 children, divided into two age groups (2-3.5 years old and >3.

Validation of a Hebrew version of the child-OIDP index, an oral health-related quality of life measure for children.

Purpose: Sociodental indicators assess to what extent oral conditions interfere with normal social functions and alter behaviour such as attending work or school, parenting or home chores. The child OIDP (oral impact on daily performance), a sociodental indicator developed by Adulyan and Sheiham, is easy to apply and has a scoring system that quantifies the effect both by extent and frequency. The purpose of this study was to adapt the child OIDP into Hebrew and evaluate its validity and reliability.

The traditional practice of canine bud removal in the offspring of Ethiopian immigrants.

Background: The custom of canine bud removal has detrimental consequences on children's general health and dental care. The objective of this study was to assess whether the prevalence of missing primary canines and dental defects in offspring of emigrants from Ethiopia is greater than in offspring of native Israeli parents of similar socioeconomic class.

Methods: 477 children of Ethiopian descent and 317 offspring of native Israeli parents, from 21 nursery schools and kindergartens, underwent dental examinations aimed to determine the presence or absence of primary canines and of developmental enamel defects on adjacent teeth to the primary canines.

Mucosal pH, dental findings, and salivary composition in pediatric liver transplant recipients.

Background: Oral health and dental maintenance have become part of the standard of care for pediatric liver transplant recipients. These individuals tend to suffer particularly from dental problems, such as gingival enlargement, gingivitis, poor oral hygiene, dental hypoplasia, and caries. Saliva composition influences oral hygiene and disease states.

Oral health status and salivary properties in relation to gluten-free diet in children with celiac disease.

Background: Patients with celiac disease (CD) have a wide variety of symptoms, from being asymptomatic to having chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and extraintestinal symptoms. In the oral cavity, enamel defects and recurrent aphthous stomatitis are the most common symptoms. The aim of the study was to assess oral health, bacterial colonization and salivary buffering capacity of patients with CD at diagnosis were compared with patients with CD receiving a gluten-free diet (GFD) and healthy children.

Salivary bacteria and oral health status in medicated and non-medicated children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurological disorder. Studies have shown that children with ADHD are more prone to caries than those without. The study investigated children diagnosed with ADHD, both with and without pharmacological intervention, and the following: DMFT\dmft, plaque index (PI), mutans streptococci (MS) levels, lactobacilli (LB) levels, salivary flow, salivary buffer capacity, oral hygiene, and diet.

Effects of amorphous calcium phosphate stabilized by casein phosphopeptides on enamel de- and remineralization in primary teeth: an in vitro study.

Purpose: Amorphous calcium phosphate, stabilized by casein phosphopeptides, has been found to enhance remineralization of subsurface lesions in permanent teeth. The purpose of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the potential of GC Tooth Mousse to enhance remineralization of initial demineralized enamel sites in primary teeth.

Methods: Forty-four demineralization sites were created in 22 extracted primary teeth.

Oral health status, salivary flow rate and salivary quality in children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurological disorder that presents in 3-7% of school-age children. Studies have shown that children, adolescents and young adults with ADHD are more prone to caries than those without.

Aim: The study investigated a possible relationship between the oral health status of children, adolescents and young adults diagnosed with ADHD, both with and without pharmacological intervention, and the following: salivary flow rate, oral mucosal pH, plaque index (PI), oral hygiene and dietary behaviour.

Elevated salivary potassium in paediatric CKD patients, a novel excretion pathway.

Background: Hyperkalaemia is one of the complications of chronic renal failure. Gastrointestinal excretion and cellular uptake are two adaptive mechanisms for extra-renal potassium (K) disposal in these patients. The salivary glands' secretion system can actively excrete K into the oral cavity.

Crosswind sensing from optical-turbulence-induced fluctuations measured by a video camera.

We present a novel method for remote sensing of crosswind using a passive imaging device, such as a video recorder. The method is based on spatial and temporal correlations of the intensity fluctuations of a naturally illuminated scene induced by atmospheric turbulence. Adaptable spatial filtering, taking into account variations of the dominant spatial scales of the turbulence (due to changes in meteorological conditions, such as turbulence strength, or imaging device performance, such as frame rate or spatial resolution), is incorporated into this method.

Audiovisual video eyeglass distraction during dental treatment in children.

Objective: To investigate the effect of audiovisual distraction (AVD) with video eyeglasses on the behavior of children undergoing dental restorative treatment and the satisfaction with this treatment as reported by children, parents, dental students, and experienced pediatric dentists.

Method And Materials: During restorative dental treatment, 61 children wore wireless audiovisual eyeglasses with earphones, and 59 received dental treatment under nitrous oxide sedation. A Frankl behavior rating score was assigned to each child.

Salivary bacteria and oral health status in children with disabilities fed through gastrostomy.

Objectives: This study examined caries level, amount of calculus, and oral microbial environment in gastrostomy tube (GT)-fed children compared with healthy children and children with disabilities orally fed (PO).

Study Design: The study group consisted of 12 GT-fed children and the two control groups consisted of 16 children with disabilities orally fed and 17 healthy children. DMF-T/dmf-t index, calculus index, Mutans Streptococci (MS), Lactobacilli (LB) levels and salivary buffer capacity were examined.

Orthodontic treatment for the special needs child.

The prevalence and severity of malocclusion is especially high in Special Needs individuals. Many have medical limitations to the various procedures that are often needed in the pursuit of excellence from orthodontic treatment and almost all have moderate to severe behavioural problems that make treatment delivery difficult or even impossible to achieve, with any degree of reliability. Nevertheless, the parents are highly motivated to "do the best for their child" and are prepared to become integral members of the treatment delivery team.

The correlation between dental calculus and disturbed mineral metabolism in paediatric patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Vascular calcifications have been documented in children with end-stage renal disease. However, only a few reports have described abundant dental calculus formation in children suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, dental calculus scores (DCS) and their correlation with renal disease severity have not been studied.

Fasting state and episodes of vomiting in children receiving nitrous oxide for dental treatment.

Purpose: The purpose of this controlled-crossover study was to determine the frequency of vomiting during nitrous oxide / oxygen analgesia (NOA) and assess the relationship between fasting status and vomiting.

Methods: One hundred and thirteen children (64 male, 49 female), ranging in age from 24-160 months (mean = 74) and a mean weight of 23 kg (range 11-60 kg), participated in the study. At the initial examination, subjects were randomly assigned to be either fasting on the first appointment and non-fasting during the second appointment or alternatively be non-fasting for the first appointment and fasting for the second.

Decoronation for the management of an ankylosed young permanent tooth.

Replacement resorption rate is a variable process, and is dependent on age, basal metabolic rate, extra-alveolar time, treatment prior to replantation, amount of root dentin, severity of trauma, and extent of periodontal ligament necrosis. In patients 7-16 years old a tooth is lost 3-7 years after the onset of root resorption. The complications that may develop as a consequence of ankylosis of a permanent incisor in children are due to the inevitable early loss of the traumatized tooth and local arrest of alveolar bone development.

Effects of frequent oral hygiene instructions on microbial levels and salivary buffer capacity in orthodontic patients and their parents.

Aim: To assess whether parental involvement can improve children's oral health as a strategiy to reduce caries risk in children undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Methods: The study population consisted of 40 healthy children aged 7 to 15 years (mean 10.93 ± 2.

Clinical solutions for developmental defects of enamel and dentin in children.

Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) are frequently observed in pediatric dental patients. Proper diagnosis may improve the clinician's dental care. The purpose of this article is to present the clinical management of some common dental defects: (1) hypoplasia; (2) diffuse and demarcated opacities; (3) fluorosis; (4) amelogenesis imperfecto (Al); and (5) dentinogenesis imperfecto (DI).

Preoperative lymphatic mapping does not predict the number of axillary sentinel lymph nodes identified during surgery in breast cancer patients.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the standard of care in most centers for axillary staging in patients with early breast cancer. Multiple radioactive nodes are often identified at surgery. The finding of multiple sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) has been shown to be associated with lower rates of false-negative results in the SLNB procedure, hence the importance of removing and examining all SLNs.

Dyskeratosis congenita: dental management of a medically complex child.

Dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) is a rare syndrome characterized by cutaneous hyperpigmentation, nail dystrophy, leukoplakia, and pancytopenia. The purpose of this case study was to describe the management of a 7-year-old girl diagnosed with DKC who urgently needed dental treatment under general anesthesia before bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The patient presented normal skin, nails, and hair, but oral examination revealed a number of ulcers, leukoplakia, gingival recessions, alveolar bone loss, and dental caries.

Comparison of oral midazolam with and without hydroxyzine in the sedation of pediatric dental patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of midazolam (MDZ) alone to a combination of MDZ and hydroxyzine (MDZH) when sedating young children for dental treatment.

Methods: This was a prospective, double-blinded, crossover clinical study of young uncooperative children in need of at least 2 restorative visits. Twenty-eight children, ages 21 to 56 months, with a mean age of 36.