Factor Structure, Measurement Invariance, and Concurrent Validity of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire Across Development, Psychopathology, and Culture.

The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) is a widely used assessment of excessive worry. American undergraduate samples have predominately been used to evaluate its factor structure, which may not generalize to other developmental, cultural, and psychopathology populations. The present study tested the PSWQ's factor structure across three diverse samples: American undergraduate students ( = 3,243), Dutch high school students ( = 3,906), and American adults with psychopathology ( = 384).