Pharmacologic enrichment of exosome yields and mitochondrial cargo.

In studies with human participants, exosome-based biospecimens can facilitate unique biomarker assessments. As exosome cargos can include mitochondrial components, there is interest in using exosomes to inform the status of an individual's mitochondria. Here, we evaluated whether targeted pharmacologic manipulations could influence the quantity of exosomes shed by cells, and whether these manipulations could impact their mitochondrial cargos.

Alzheimer's disease clinical trial update 2019-2021.

The current clinical trial landscape targeting Alzheimer's disease (AD) is reviewed in the context of studies completed from 2019 to 2021. This review focuses on available data for observational and phase II/III clinical trial results, which will have the most impact on the field. ClinicalTrials.

Aerobic exercise improves hippocampal blood flow for hypertensive Apolipoprotein E4 carriers.

Cerebrovascular dysfunction likely contributes causally to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, (), may act synergistically with vascular risk to cause dementia. Therefore, interventions that improve vascular health, such as exercise, may be particularly beneficial for carriers.

Safety and target engagement profile of two oxaloacetate doses in Alzheimer's patients.

Introduction: Brain bioenergetics are defective in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preclinical studies find oxaloacetate (OAA) enhances bioenergetics, but human safety and target engagement data are lacking.

Methods: We orally administered 500 or 1000 mg OAA, twice daily for 1 month, to AD participants (n = 15 each group) and monitored safety and tolerability.