WITHDRAWN: Corrigendum to "Inpatient Outcomes After Elective Lumbar Spinal Fusion for Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Absence of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" [World Neurosurg. 116 (2018) e913-920].

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.

Emphysematous osteomyelitis of the spine: a case report and case based review of the literature.

Background/objective: Emphysematous osteomyelitis (EO) of the spine is an uncommon type of osteomyelitis characterized by intraosseous gas-formation in the vertebrae. The objective of this report is to present a rare case of spine EO in a patient with emphysematous cystitis. A case-based review of the literature on spinal EO was also performed as an update to the relevant literature of this rare infection.

Osteoporosis as a Risk Factor for Intraoperative Complications and Long-term Instrumentation Failure in Patients With Scoliotic Spinal Deformity.

Study Design: A retrospective review study.

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of osteoporosis on spine instrumentation.

Summary Of Background Data: Osteoporosis is a common skeletal pathology that affects systemic cortical bone maintenance and remodeling.

Axial Low Back Pain in Elite Athletes.

Back pain in sport is a common complaint and seen by athletes, trainers, and treating physicians. Although there are a multitude of pain generators, mechanical sources are most common. Certain sports can lead to increased mechanical and axial loading, such as competitive weightlifting and football.

Effects of menopausal state on lumbar decompression and fusion surgery.

Menopause leads to fluctuations in androgenic hormones which directly affect bone metabolism. Bone resorption, mineralization, and remodeling at fusion sites are essential in order to obtain a solid and biomechanically stable fusion mass. Bone metabolic imbalance seen in the postmenopausal state may predispose to fusion related complications.

Tantalum: the next biomaterial in spine surgery?

Tantalum is a porous metal, whose elastic modulus, high frictional properties and biocompatibility make it an ideal construct to facilitate adequate bony fusion in spine surgery. Since 2015, the published literature on clinical outcomes of tantalum in spine surgery has more than doubled. A review of the literature was performed on the PubMed (MEDLINE) database on January 27, 2019, for papers pertinent to the use of tantalum metal in spine surgery.

High Altitude Is an Independent Risk Factor for Developing a Pulmonary Embolism, but Not a Deep Vein Thrombosis Following a 1- to 2-Level Lumbar Fusion.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Objective: To identify if a 1- to 2-level posterior lumbar fusion at higher altitude is an independent risk factor for postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods: A national Medicare database was queried for all patients undergoing 1- to 2-level lumbar fusions from 2005 to 2014.

Surgical Site Infection as a Risk Factor for Long-Term Instrumentation Failure in Patients with Spinal Deformity: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) remains a complication of spine deformity surgery. Although fusion/instrumentation failure in the setting of SSI has been reported, few studies have investigated the relationship between these entities. We examine the relationship between early SSI and fusion/instrumentation failure after instrumented fusion in patients with thoracolumbar scoliosis.

Isolated multiple lumbar transverse process fractures with spinal instability: an uncommon yet serious association.

Purpose: Isolated vertebral transverse process fractures of thoracolumbar spine without other vertebral injuries and neurological deficit are generally considered as minor injuries with no concern for associated spinal instability. This report describes a case of multiple lumbar transverse fractures associated with an unexpected yet clinically significant spinal instability.

Methods: A young male presented with right flank pain following being pushed and trapped against the ground by a reversing truck.

Is There a Correlation Between Preoperative or Postoperative Vitamin D Levels with Pseudarthrosis, Hardware Failure, and Revisions After Lumbar Spine Fusion?

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a well-known cause of postoperative complications in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Orthopedic complications seen in vitamin D deficiency include nonunion, pseudarthrosis, and hardware failure. We seek to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and outcomes after lumbar spinal fusions.

Short-term safety of tranexamic acid use in posterior cervical decompression and fusion surgery.

Posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF) can result in substantial blood loss, leading to blood transfusions and associated complications, such as infections, hypotension and organ damage. The antifibrinolytic tranexamic acid (TXA), an inhibitor of the activation of plasminogen, has been shown to be beneficial in multiple surgical procedures without any apparent increase in postoperative complications. However, there are only few studies reporting TXA utilization in cervical spine surgery and there is currently no literature detailing the short-term safety of its use in this setting.

A novel technique for stabilization of high-grade spondylolisthesis with transvertebral fusion without reduction.

Surgical treatment of high-grade spondylolisthesis and spondyloptosis is recommended in symptomatic patients, yet there exists much debate regarding the optimal surgical approach and the need for reduction. Similar to the Bohlman technique in that fixation is achieved across two vertebral endplates, we discuss a novel technique with the advantage of using bilateral threaded pedicle screws of large diameter and length instead of a single fibula allograft. Patients underwent posterior instrumented fusion without spondylolisthesis reduction using a novel technique placing pedicle screws with a transvertebral trajectory through the two end plates involved in the spondylolisthesis.

Fragility Fracture Risk in Elderly Patients With Cervical Myelopathy.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Objective: To identify and compare the incidences of fragility fractures amongst three elderly populations: the general population, patients with surgically treated cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), and patients with CSM not surgically treated.

Summary Of Background Data: CSM is a common disease in the elderly.

Inpatient Outcomes After Elective Lumbar Spinal Fusion for Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Absence of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

Background: To our knowledge, no prior study has evaluated outcomes after elective lumbar spinal surgery in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This review investigated the impact of HIV-positive status (without AIDS) on outcomes after elective lumbar fusion for degenerative disc disease (DDD).

Methods: Adult patients registered in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002-2011) undergoing elective lumbar fusion for DDD were extracted.

Excision of a centrally based ventral intradural extramedullary tumor of the cervical spine through a direct posterior approach.

Introduction: Intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumors of the cervical spine are removed through an assortment of surgical approaches including: dorsolateral, ventrolateral, and anterior or transoral. Historically, midline ventral IDEM tumors are ostensibly thought to be unfavorable candidates for removal through a direct posterior approach. A case report of a patient with a ventrally based centrally located meningioma in the upper cervical spine (C2/C3) that was removed with direct posterior approach is described.

Changes in Cervical Alignment after Multilevel Schwab Grade II Thoracolumbar Osteotomies for Adult Spinal Deformity.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe changes in cervical alignment (CA) and cervical deformity (CD) after multilevel Schwab Grade II Osteotomies for adult spinal deformity (ASD).

Summary Of Background Data: Reciprocal cervical and global changes after ASD surgery have not been previously described in the setting of multilevel osteotomy.

Prophylactic vertebral cement augmentation at the uppermost instrumented vertebra and rostral adjacent vertebra for the prevention of proximal junctional kyphosis and failure following long-segment fusion for adult spinal deformity.

Background Context: Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF) are common problems after long-segment (>5 levels) thoracolumbar instrumented fusions in the treatment of adult spinal deformity (ASD). No specific surgical strategy has definitively been shown to lower the risk of PJK as the result of a multifactorial etiology.

Purpose: The study aimed to assess the incidence of PJK and PJF in patients treated with prophylactic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement augmentation at the uppermost instrumented vertebrae (UIV) and rostral adjacent vertebrae (UIV+1).

Multilevel Schwab grade II osteotomies for sagittal plane correction in the management of adult spinal deformity.

Background Context: Prior reports have compared posterior column osteotomies with pedicle subtraction osteotomies in terms of utility for correcting fixed sagittal imbalance in adolescent patients with deformity. No prior reports have described the use of multilevel Smith-Petersen Osteotomies (SPOs) alone for surgical correction in the adult spinal deformity (ASD) population.

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the utility of multilevel SPOs in the management of global sagittal imbalance in ASD patients.

Blunt impacts to the back: Biomechanical response for model development.

The development of advanced injury prediction models requires biomechanical and injury tolerance information for all regions of the body. While numerous studies have investigated injury mechanics of the thorax under frontal impact, there remains a dearth of information on the injury mechanics of the torso under blunt impact to the back. A series of hub-impact tests were performed to the back surface of the mid-thorax of four mid-size male cadavers.

Sacrectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy for the treatment of sacral chordomas: a single-center experience over 27 years.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort (case only).

Objective: To evaluate the results and survival determinants of 21 patients with sacral chordomas treated with en bloc resection and adjuvant radiotherapy.

Summary Of Background Data: There are few long-term studies on treatment of sacral chordomas with more than 20 patients, and factors related to survival are not fully understood.

The timing of surgical staging has a significant impact on the complications and functional outcomes of adult spinal deformity surgery.

Background Context: To our knowledge, the effect of the staging regimen on the surgical outcome in patients undergoing combined anterior/posterior surgery for the treatment of spinal deformity has not been previously studied.

Purpose: To compare outcomes of anterior/posterior surgery for adult spinal deformity staged less than 21 days apart versus those 21 or more days apart.

Study Design: A retrospective comparison study.

Spinal deformity correction in Marfan syndrome versus adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: learning from the differences.

Study Design: Retrospective case control study.

Objective: To compare patients with Marfan syndrome and matched patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) to illustrate the differences and identify areas for potential surgical improvement.

Summary Of Background Data: Patients with Marfan syndrome commonly require spinal deformity surgery, but practice guidelines and results are not as established as those for patients with AIS.

A method for intraoperative repositioning of the cervical spine during posterior cervical surgery.

Positioning of the head during posterior cervical decompression and fusion requires invasive techniques (eg, pins placed through the skull) and manual repositioning intraoperatively. This article describes a new technique with a noninvasive device for such positioning. From February 2005 until June 2010 at our institution, 94 patients underwent posterior cervical decompression and fusion with instrumentation.