The Microbiome and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Surgical Patients.

The human microbiome plays a critical role in health and disease. The microbiota of the human body undergoes disruptions in critical illness, in part due to alterations in physiology but also as the result of medical interventions, most notably antimicrobial drug administration. These alterations may lead to a significant dysbiosis, with increased risks of multi-drug-resistant organism-based secondary infections, promotion, and other infection-related complications.

Penile implant infection resulting in bacteraemia and infective endocarditis.

Introduction: Penile implant infections are a possible surgical complication that has historically been most commonly associated with Gram-positive bacteria. is a Gram-positive bacteria and is the most common cause of endocarditis.

Case Presentation: A male patient in his 50s with a past medical history of hypertension, diabetes, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and erectile dysfunction with a penile implant placed 6 years prior to the admission date presented with complaints of scrotal pain.