Effects of Endotracheal Epinephrine on Pharmacokinetics and Survival in a Swine Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Model.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the endotracheal tube (ET) and intravenous (IV) administration of epinephrine relative to concentration maximum, time to maximum concentration, mean concentration over time (MC), area under the curve, odds, and time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a normovolemic pediatric cardiac arrest model.

Methods: Male swine weighing 24-37 kg were assigned to 4 groups: ET (n = 8), IV (n = 7), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) + defibrillation (CPR + Defib) (n = 5), and CPR only (n = 3). Swine were placed arrest for 2 minutes, and then CPR was initiated for 2 minutes.

MB-DECTNet: a model-based unrolling network for accurate 3D dual-energy CT reconstruction from clinically acquired helical scans.

Over the past several decades, dual-energy CT (DECT) imaging has seen significant advancements due to its ability to distinguish between materials. DECT statistical iterative reconstruction (SIR) has exhibited potential for noise reduction and enhanced accuracy. However, its slow convergence and substantial computational demands render the elapsed time for 3D DECT SIR often clinically unacceptable.

Frequency of technical success of ultrasound-guided arthrogram injections in children.

Background: MR arthrography is an essential diagnostic tool to assess and guide management of labral, ligamentous, fibrocartilaginous, and capsular abnormalities in children. While fluoroscopy is traditionally used for intra-articular contrast administration, ultrasound offers advantages of portability and lack of ionizing radiation exposure for both the patient and proceduralist.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study is to quantify technical success and frequency of complications of ultrasound-guided arthrogram injections at our institution.

Motion-compensated scheme for sequential scanned statistical iterative dual-energy CT reconstruction.

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has been widely used to reconstruct numerous types of images due its ability to better discriminate tissue properties. Sequential scanning is a popular dual-energy data acquisition method as it requires no specialized hardware. However, patient motion between two sequential scans may lead to severe motion artifacts in DECT statistical iterative reconstructions (SIR) images.

Standardized Reporting on the Preoperative CT Assessment of Potential Living Renal Transplant Donors: Can We Create a Universal Report Standard to Meet the Needs of Transplant Urologists?

Determine whether standardized template reporting for the preoperative assessment of potential living renal transplant donors improves the comprehensiveness of radiology reports to meet the needs of urologists performing renal transplants. Urologist and radiologist stakeholders from renal transplant centres in our province ratified a standardized reporting template for evaluation of potential renal donors. Three centres (A, B, and C) were designated "intervention" groups.

The value of routine radiographic follow up in the postoperative management of canine medial patellar luxation.

Objective: To determine the influence of radiographic examination on the recommendations made at the time of planned re-evaluation of dogs after medial patellar luxation (MPL) surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective multi-institutional case series.

Animals: Client-owned dogs (N = 825) that underwent MPL surgery.

Beyond GalNAc! Drug delivery systems comprising complex oligosaccharides for targeted use of nucleic acid therapeutics.

Nucleic Acid Therapeutics (NATs) are establishing a leading role for the management and treatment of genetic diseases following FDA approval of nusinersen, patisiran, and givosiran in the last 5 years, the breakthrough of milasen, with more approvals undoubtedly on the way. Givosiran takes advantage of the known interaction between the hepatocyte specific asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and -acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) ligands to deliver a therapeutic effect, underscoring the value of targeting moieties. In this review, we explore the history of GalNAc as a ligand, and the paradigm it has set for the delivery of NATs through precise targeting to the liver, overcoming common hindrances faced with this type of therapy.

How should we interpret lactate in labour? A reference study.

Objective: To investigate maternal lactate concentrations in labour and the puerperium.

Design: Reference study.

Setting: Tertiary obstetric unit.

Classification System for Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Appearance Following Percutaneous IVC Filter Retrieval.

Objective: There is no classification system for describing inferior vena cava (IVC) injuries. The objective of this study was to develop a standardized grading system for venographic appearance of the IVC following percutaneous IVC filter retrieval.

Methods: A classification system for the appearance of the IVC on cavograms following percutaneous IVC filter removal was developed consisting of two grading elements; luminal characteristics and extravasation.

Towards subpercentage uncertainty proton stopping-power mapping via dual-energy CT: Direct experimental validation and uncertainty analysis of a statistical iterative image reconstruction method.

Purpose: To assess the potential of a joint dual-energy computerized tomography (CT) reconstruction process (statistical image reconstruction method built on a basis vector model (JSIR-BVM)) implemented on a 16-slice commercial CT scanner to measure high spatial resolution stopping-power ratio (SPR) maps with uncertainties of less than 1%.

Methods: JSIR-BVM was used to reconstruct images of effective electron density and mean excitation energy from dual-energy CT (DECT) sinograms for 10 high-purity samples of known density and atomic composition inserted into head and body phantoms. The measured DECT data consisted of 90 and 140 kVp axial sinograms serially acquired on a Philips Brilliance Big Bore CT scanner without beam-hardening corrections.

Humerus Intraosseous and Intravenous Administration of Epinephrine in Normovolemic and Hypovolemic Cardiac Arrest Porcine Models.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare area under the curve (AUC), frequency, and odds of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) when epinephrine was administered in hypovolemic and normovolemic cardiac arrest models.

Methods: Twenty-eight adult swine were randomly assigned to 4 groups: HIO Normovolemia Group (HIONG); HIO Hypovolemia Group (HIOHG); IV Normovolemia (IVNG); and IV Hypovolemia Group (IVHG). Swine were anesthetized.

Performance comparison of a dedicated total breast PET system with a clinical whole-body PET system: a simulation study.

This paper presents a novel PET geometry for breast cancer imaging. The scanner consists of a 'stadium' (a rectangle with two semi-circles on opposite sides) shaped ring, along with anterior and posterior panels to provide high sensitivity and high spatial resolution for an imaging field-of-view (FOV) that include both breasts, mediastinum and axilla. We simulated this total-breast PET system using GATE and reconstructed the coincidence events using a GPU-based list-mode image reconstruction implementing maximum likelihood expectation-maximization (ML-EM) algorithm.

Dosimetric impact of range uncertainty in passive scattering proton therapy.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the dosimetric impact of range uncertainty in a large cohort of patients receiving passive scatter proton therapy.

Methods: A cohort of 120 patients were reviewed in this study retrospectively, of which 61 were brain, 39 lung, and 20 prostate patients. Range uncertainties of ±3.

Impact of bowtie filter and detector collimation on multislice CT scatter profiles: A simulation study.

Purpose: To investigate via Monte Carlo simulations, the impact of scan subject size, antiscatter grid (ASG), collimator size, and bowtie filter on the distribution of scatter radiation in a typical realistically modeled third generation 16 slice diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scanner.

Methods: Full radiation transport was simulated with Geant4 in a realistic CT scanner geometric model, including the imaging phantom, bowtie filter (BTF), collimators and detector assembly, except for the ASGs. An analytical method was employed to quantify the probable transmission through the ASG of each photon intersecting the detector array.

A systematic review of tuberosity healing and outcomes following reverse shoulder arthroplasty for fracture according to humeral inclination of the prosthesis.

Background: Proximal humerus fractures are common in the elderly population and are often treated with reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The purpose of this systematic review was to compare tuberosity healing and functional outcomes in patients undergoing RSA with humeral inclinations of 135°, 145°, and 155°.

Methods: A systematic review was performed of RSA for proximal humerus fracture using Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Endotracheal Administered Epinephrine Is Effective in Return of Spontaneous Circulation Within a Pediatric Swine Hypovolemic Cardiac Arrest Model.

Objective: Early administration of epinephrine increases the incidence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and improves outcomes among pediatric cardiac arrest victims. Rapid endotracheal (ET) intubation can facilitate early administration of epinephrine to pediatric victims. To date, no studies have evaluated the use of ET epinephrine in a pediatric hypovolemic cardiac arrest model to determine the incidence of ROSC.

Surgical Simulation Maximizing the Use of Fresh-Frozen Cadaveric Specimens: Examination of Tissue Integrity Using Ultrasound.

Background: Arthroscopic surgical simulation, including the use of cadaveric tissue, is valuable for training orthopedic surgery residents. However, it is unclear how often fresh-frozen cadaveric tissue can be reused to provide a reproducible model for developing arthroscopic skills.

Objective: We determined the usefulness of ultrasound in evaluating tissue degradation in fresh-frozen shoulder and knee joints used for surgical simulation.

Tibial Intraosseous Administration of Epinephrine Is Effective in Restoring Return of Spontaneous Circulation in a Pediatric Normovolemic But Not Hypovolemic Cardiac Arrest Model.

Objective: We compared the efficacy of tibial intraosseous (TIO) administration of epinephrine in a pediatric normovolemic versus hypovolemic cardiac arrest model to determine the incidence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and plasma epinephrine concentrations over time.

Methods: This experimental study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of epinephrine and/or incidence of ROSC after TIO administration in either a normovolemic or hypovolemic pediatric swine model.

Results: All subjects in the TIO normovolemia cardiac arrest group experienced ROSC after TIO administration of epinephrine.

Effects of humeral intraosseous epinephrine in a pediatric hypovolemic cardiac arrest porcine model.

Background: Aims of the study were to determine the effects of humerus intraosseous (HIO) versus intravenous (IV) administration of epinephrine in a hypovolemic, pediatric pig model. We compared concentration maximum (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), mean concentration (MC) over time and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Methods: Pediatric pig were randomly assigned to each group (HIO (n=7); IV (n=7); cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)+defibrillation (defib) (n=7) and CPR-only group (n=5)).

Low-dose photon counting CT reconstruction bias reduction with multi-energy alternating minimization algorithm.

Photon counting CT (PCCT) is an x-ray imaging technique that has undergone great development in the past decade. PCCT has the potential to improve dose efficiency and low-dose performance. In this paper, we propose a statistics-based iterative algorithm to perform a direct reconstruction of material-decomposed images.

Augmented Whole-Body Scanning via Magnifying PET.

A novel technique, called augmented whole-body scanning via magnifying PET (AWSM-PET), that improves the sensitivity and lesion detectability of a PET scanner for whole-body imaging is proposed and evaluated. A Siemens Biograph Vision PET/CT scanner equipped with one or two high-resolution panel-detectors was simulated to study the effectiveness of AWSM-PET technology. The detector panels are located immediately outside the scanner's axial field-of-view (FOV).

A second-generation virtual-pinhole PET device for enhancing contrast recovery and improving lesion detectability of a whole-body PET/CT scanner.

Purpose: We have developed a second-generation virtual-pinhole (VP) positron emission tomography (PET) device that can position a flat-panel PET detector around a patient's body using a robotic arm to enhance the contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) and detectability of lesions in any region-of-interest using a whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT) scanner.

Methods: We constructed a flat-panel VP-PET device using 32 high-resolution detectors, each containing a 4   4 MPPC array and 16   16 LYSO crystals of 1.0   1.

Regional Standardization of Prostate Multiparametric MRI Performance and Reporting: Is There a Role for a Director of Prostate Imaging?

The purpose of this study was to assess prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) before and after intervention by a director of prostate imaging. Images from prostate mpMRI examinations at four peripheral institutions (five 1.5-T systems) were studied.

Pharmacokinetic effects of endotracheal, intraosseous, and intravenous epinephrine in a swine model of traumatic cardiac arrest.

Introduction: Limited prospective data exist regarding epinephrine's controversial role in managing traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA). This study compared the maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), plasma concentration over time, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), time to ROSC, and odds of ROSC of epinephrine administered by the endotracheal (ETT), intraosseous (IO), and intravenous (IV) routes in a swine TCA model.

Methods: Forty-nine Yorkshire-cross swine were assigned to seven groups: ETT, tibial IO (TIO), sternal IO (SIO), humeral IO (HIO), IV, CPR with defibrillation (CPRD), and CPR only.