IFN-γ-dependent regulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis by NKT cells.

Intestinal homeostasis is maintained through the combined functions of epithelial and immune cells that collaborate to preserve the integrity of the intestinal barrier. However, the mechanisms by which immune cell populations regulate intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) homeostasis remain unclear. Here, we use a multi-omics approach to study the immune-epithelial crosstalk and identify CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells as key regulators of IEC biology.

VCAb: a web-tool for structure-guided exploration of antibodies.

Motivation: Effective responses against immune challenges require antibodies of different isotypes performing specific effector functions. Structural information on these isotypes is essential to engineer antibodies with desired physico-chemical features of their antigen-binding properties, and optimal developability as potential therapeutics. mutational scanning profiles on antibody structures would further pinpoint candidate mutations for enhancing antibody stability and function.

A randomized phase II study of secondary cytoreductive surgery in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer who have progressed on a PARP inhibitor as first-line maintenance therapy: the SOCCER-P study (KGOG 3067/JGOG 3036/APGOT-OV11).

Background: Although two recent phase III randomized controlled trials showed survival benefits of undergoing secondary cytoreductive surgery for an initial relapse of ovarian cancer, patients who received a poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) as the first-line maintenance treatment, which is currently the standard treatment for advanced ovarian cancer, were not included in those trials. Therefore, determining an optimal treatment strategy, including secondary cytoreductive surgery, in patients whose cancer progresses even with PARPi treatment, is needed.

Primary Objective: To determine whether secondary cytoreductive surgery is beneficial in patients who have progressed on PARPi maintenance treatment.

Virtual Remote Pathology Education in Support of Virtual Remote Gynecologic-Oncology Training: The Open Pathology Education Network Pilot Proof of Concept Experience.

Context.—: The subspecialty workforce in pathology globally is inadequate for the demands of many modern therapies. The Open Pathology Education Network (OPEN) was formed to augment the global pathology workforce.

Predicting class switch recombination in B-cells from antibody repertoire data.

Statistical and machine learning methods have proved useful in many areas of immunology. In this paper, we address for the first time the problem of predicting the occurrence of class switch recombination (CSR) in B-cells, a problem of interest in understanding antibody response under immunological challenges. We propose a framework to analyze antibody repertoire data, based on clonal (CG) group representation in a way that allows us to predict CSR events using CG level features as input.

Comprehensive characterization of genomic features and clinical outcomes following targeted therapy and secondary cytoreductive surgery in OCCC: a single center experience.

Objective: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is associated with chemoresistance. Limited data exists regarding the efficacy of targeted therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and bevacizumab, and the role of secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed genomic features and treatment outcomes of 172 OCCC patients treated at our institution from January 2000 to May 2022.

Thioredoxin is a metabolic rheostat controlling regulatory B cells.

Metabolic programming is important for B cell fate, but the bioenergetic requirement for regulatory B (B) cell differentiation and function is unknown. Here we show that B cell differentiation, unlike non-B cells, relies on mitochondrial electron transport and homeostatic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that TXN, encoding the metabolic redox protein thioredoxin (Trx), is highly expressed by B cells, unlike Trx inhibitor TXNIP which was downregulated.

The role of surgery in gestational trophoblastic disease: an overview.

Gestational trophoblastic disease comprises a group of rare, and potentially malignant, conditions that arise from abnormal trophoblastic proliferation. When there is invasion and evidence of metastatic disease, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is used. While chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, the role of surgery has come full circle in recent years.

sciCSR infers B cell state transition and predicts class-switch recombination dynamics using single-cell transcriptomic data.

Class-switch recombination (CSR) is an integral part of B cell maturation. Here we present sciCSR (pronounced 'scissor', single-cell inference of class-switch recombination), a computational pipeline that analyzes CSR events and dynamics of B cells from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiments. Validated on both simulated and real data, sciCSR re-analyzes scRNA-seq alignments to differentiate productive heavy-chain immunoglobulin transcripts from germline 'sterile' transcripts.

Correction: Chua et al. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Extended versus Partial Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening in Singapore. 2023, , 1812.

The authors wish to revise two words in Table 1 row 3, and the first paragraph of Section 2 [...

Intelligent Traffic Model for Unmanned Ground Vehicles Based on DSDV-AODV Protocol.

Traffic systems have been built as a result of recent technological advancements. In application, dependable communication technology is essential to link any system needs. VANET technology is used to communicate data about intelligent traffic lights, which are focused on infrastructure during traffic accidents and mechanisms to reduce traffic congestion.

In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of IL36RN Alterations Reveals Critical Residues for the Function of the Interleukin-36 Receptor Complex.

Generalized pustular psoriasis is a potentially life-threatening skin disease, associated with IL36RN disease alleles. IL36RN encodes the IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra), a protein that downregulates the activity of IL-36 cytokines by blocking their receptor (IL-36R). Although generalized pustular psoriasis can be treated with IL-36R inhibitors, the structural underpinnings of the IL-36Ra/IL-36R interaction remain poorly understood.

Insights into the photovoltaic properties of indium sulfide as an electron transport material in perovskite solar cells.

According to recent reports, planar structure-based organometallic perovskite solar cells (OPSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE), making them very competitive with the more traditional silicon photovoltaics. A complete understanding of OPSCs and their individual parts is still necessary for further enhancement in PCE. In this work, indium sulfide (InS)-based planar heterojunction OPSCs were proposed and simulated with the SCAPS (a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator)-1D programme.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HPV Extended versus Partial Genotyping for Cervical Cancer Screening in Singapore.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) partial genotyping (PGT) identifies HPV16 and HPV18 individually, alongside 12 other high-risk HPV genotypes (hrHPV) collectively. HPV extended genotyping (XGT) identifies four additional hrHPV individually (HPV31, 45, 51, and 52), and reports the remaining eight in three groups (HPV33|58; 56|59|66; 35|39|68). Quality-adjusted life years (QALY), health care resource use, and costs of XGT were compared to PGT for cervical cancer screening in Singapore using DICE simulation.

COVID-19 Mask Mandates in NY and Their Effect on the Incidence of Flu.

Objective: The goal of the study is to quantify the reduction in the cases of influenza and how this decrease in incidence correlates with the execution of masking requirements in public as well as social distancing.

Methods: Influenza statistics were collected from Northwell Health, a 23-hospital system located throughout New York State. Positive influenza results were collected representing the 2018-2019 Flu season, 2019-2020 Flu season, and compared to the 2020-2021 Flu season, which corresponded to the mask mandates and social distancing measures implemented in NYS.

Diversification of immunoglobulin genes by gene conversion in the domestic chicken ( domesticus).

Sustainable modern poultry production depends on effective protection against infectious diseases and a diverse range of antibodies is key for an effective immune response. In the domestic chicken, somatic gene conversion is the dominant process in which the antibody immunoglobulin genes are diversified. Affinity maturation by somatic hypermutation (SHM) also occurs, but the relative contribution of gene conversion versus somatic hypermutation to immunoglobulin (Ig) gene diversity is poorly understood.

Chickens, more than humans, focus the diversity of their immunoglobulin genes on the complementarity-determining region but utilise amino acids, indicative of a more cross-reactive antibody repertoire.

The mechanisms of B-cell diversification differ greatly between aves and mammals, but both produce B cells and antibodies capable of supporting an effective immune response. To see how differences in the generation of diversity might affect overall repertoire diversity, we have compared the diversity characteristics of immunoglobulin genes from domestic chickens to those from humans. Both use V(D)J gene rearrangement and somatic hypermutation, but only chickens use somatic gene conversion.

Exploiting the Generative Adversarial Network Approach to Create a Synthetic Topography Corneal Image.

Corneal diseases are the most common eye disorders. Deep learning techniques are used to perform automated diagnoses of cornea. Deep learning networks require large-scale annotated datasets, which is conceded as a weakness of deep learning.

A Case Report of Anti-phospholipid Syndrome With Lower Extremity Arterial Thrombosis That Didn't Respond to Heparin and Direct Oral Anticoagulation: Ultimately, the Patient Agreed to Oral Warfarin.

In the absence of known thrombophilia or factors associated with thrombotic tendency, clinicians are more likely to think of antiphospholipid syndrome in patients presenting with venous thrombosis than in those with arterial thrombosis. We present a case of acute lower extremity arterial ischemia in a female smoker. Despite multiple surgical interventions and treatment with several different anticoagulants, our patient developed bilateral lower extremity thrombi.