Severe brief pressure-controlled hemorrhagic shock after traumatic brain injury exacerbates functional deficits and long-term neuropathological damage in mice.

Hypotension after traumatic brain injury (TBI) worsens outcome. We published the first report of TBI plus hemorrhagic shock (HS) in mice using a volume-controlled approach and noted increased neuronal death. To rigorously control blood pressure during HS, a pressure-controlled HS model is required.

Detection and characterization of influenza A virus PA-PB2 interaction through a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay.

The influenza virus polymerase complex, consisting of the PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits, is required for the transcription and replication of the influenza A viral genome. Previous studies have shown that PB1 serves as a core subunit to incorporate PA and PB2 into the polymerase complex by directly interacting with PA and PB2. Despite numerous attempts, largely involving biochemical approaches, a specific interaction between PA and PB2 subunits has yet to be detected.