Year in Review 2022: Noteworthy Literature in Cardiac Anesthesiology.

Last year researchers made substantial progress in work relevant to the practice of cardiac anesthesiology. We reviewed 389 articles published in 2022 focused on topics related to clinical practice to identify 16 that will impact the current and future practice of cardiac anesthesiology. We identified 4 broad themes including risk prediction, postoperative outcomes, clinical practice, and technological advances.

Airway and Hemodynamic Considerations for the Anesthetic Management of an Intraluminal Tracheal Plasmacytoma.

Central airway obstruction due to tracheal tumors presents unique challenges to the anesthesiologist. We present the case of a 44-year-old male taken to the OR for biopsy and resection of an undiagnosed tracheal mass. Intraoperative management was complicated by bleeding and significant hemodynamic instability, necessitating rapid surgical and anesthetic intervention.

Year in Review 2021: Noteworthy Literature in Cardiothoracic Anesthesia.

In 2021, progress in clinical science related to Cardiac Anesthesiology continued, but at a slower rate due to the ongoing pandemic and disruptions to clinical research. Most progress was incremental and addressed persistent questions related to our field. To identify articles for this review, we completed a structured review using our previously reported methods (1).

Year in Review 2020: Noteworthy Literature in Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology.

The year 2020 was marred by the emergence of a deadly pandemic that disrupted every aspect of life. Despite the disruption, notable research accomplishments in the practice of cardiothoracic anesthesiology occurred in 2020 with an emphasis on optimizing care, improving outcomes, and expanding what is possible for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This year's edition of Noteworthy Literature Review will focus on specific themes in cardiac anesthesiology that include preoperative anemia, predictors of acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery, pain management modalities, anticoagulation strategies after transcatheter aortic valve replacement, mechanical circulatory support, and future directions in research.

Noteworthy Literature in Cardiac Anesthesia for 2019.

This article represents a selective review of literature published in 2019. Initial results from PubMed searching for a combination of terms, including and , yielded more than 1400 publications. From there, we manually screened the results and identified 5 major themes for the year of 2019, including , and .

Current Neurologic Assessment and Neuroprotective Strategies in Cardiac Anesthesia: A Survey to the Membership of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists.

Background: Neurologic injury and cognitive disorder after cardiac surgery are associated with morbidity and mortality. Variability in the application of neuroprotective strategies likely exists during cardiac surgery. The Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA) conducted a survey among its members on common perioperative neuroprotective strategies: assessment of aortic atheromatous burden, management of intraoperative blood pressure, and use of cerebral oximetry.

Driving CO to a Quasi-Condensed Phase at the Interface between a Nanoparticle Surface and a Metal-Organic Framework at 1 bar and 298 K.

We demonstrate a molecular-level observation of driving CO molecules into a quasi-condensed phase on the solid surface of metal nanoparticles (NP) under ambient conditions of 1 bar and 298 K. This is achieved via a CO accumulation in the interface between a metal-organic framework (MOF) and a metal NP surface formed by coating NPs with a MOF. Using real-time surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, a >18-fold enhancement of surface coverage of CO is observed at the interface.

Pneumomediastinum and Bilateral Pneumothoraces Causing Respiratory Failure after Thyroid Surgery.

We report the first case of severe respiratory failure after thyroid surgery requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO). The patient was a 41-year-old woman with metastatic thyroid cancer. She underwent thyroidectomy, including left lateral and bilateral central neck dissection.

Shielding against Unfolding by Embedding Enzymes in Metal-Organic Frameworks via a de Novo Approach.

We show that an enzyme maintains its biological function under a wider range of conditions after being embedded in metal-organic framework (MOF) microcrystals via a de novo approach. This enhanced stability arises from confinement of the enzyme molecules in the mesoporous cavities in the MOFs, which reduces the structural mobility of enzyme molecules. We embedded catalase (CAT) into zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-90 and ZIF-8), and then exposed both embedded CAT and free CAT to a denature reagent (i.

Formation of hollow and mesoporous structures in single-crystalline microcrystals of metal-organic frameworks via double-solvent mediated overgrowth.

The creation of hierarchical porosity in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) could benefit various applications of MOFs such as gas storage and separation. Having single-crystalline microcrystals instead of poly-crystalline composites is critical for these potential applications of MOFs with hierarchical porosity. We developed a room temperature synthetic method to generate uniform hollow and mesoporous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) microcrystals with a single-crystalline structure via overgrowing a ZIF-8 shell in methanol solution on a ZIF-8 core with water adsorbed in the pores.

Imparting functionality to biocatalysts via embedding enzymes into nanoporous materials by a de novo approach: size-selective sheltering of catalase in metal-organic framework microcrystals.

We develop a new concept to impart new functions to biocatalysts by combining enzymes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The proof-of-concept design is demonstrated by embedding catalase molecules into uniformly sized ZIF-90 crystals via a de novo approach. We have carried out electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, electrophoresis, thermogravimetric analysis, and confocal microscopy to confirm that the ~10 nm catalase molecules are embedded in 2 μm single-crystalline ZIF-90 crystals with ~5 wt % loading.

Molecular encapsulation beyond the aperture size limit through dissociative linker exchange in metal-organic framework crystals.

Under linker exchange conditions, large guests with molecular diameters 3-4 times the framework aperture size have been encapsulated into preformed nanocrystals of the metal-organic framework ZIF-8. Guest encapsulation is facilitated by the formation of short-lived "open" states of the pores upon linker dissociation. Kinetic studies suggested that linker exchange reactions in ZIF-8 proceed via a competition between dissociative and associative exchange mechanisms, and guest encapsulation was enhanced under conditions where the dissociative pathway predominates.

Tissue-specific regulation of porcine prolactin receptor expression by estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin.

Prolactin (PRL) acts through its receptor (PRLR) via both endocrine and local paracrine/autocrine pathways to regulate biological processes including reproduction and lactation. We analyzed the tissue- and stage of gestation-specific regulation of PRL and PRLR expression in various tissues of pigs. Abundance of pPRLR-long form (LF) mRNA increased in the mammary gland and endometrium during gestation while in other tissues it remained constant.

A 5' distal palindrome within the mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat recruits a mammary gland-specific complex and is required for a synergistic response to progesterone plus prolactin.

Progesterone (P) and prolactin (PRL) fulfill crucial roles during growth and differentiation of the mammary epithelium, and each has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mammary cancer. We previously identified that these hormones synergistically stimulate the proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells in vivo, although the mechanism(s) underlying their cooperative effect are unknown. We now report a novel pathway by which P and PRL synergize to activate transcription from the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the mouse mammary tumor virus-LTR (MMTV-LTR) in T47D breast cancer cells.