A Comparison of Throwing Arm Kinetics and Ball Velocity in Professional Baseball Pitchers with the Fastest Maximum Joint and Segment Velocities.

Background: Significant associations have been established among individual maximum joint and segment velocities with throwing arm kinetics and ball velocity in baseball.

Purpose: Investigate how pitches with the fastest maximum joint and segment velocities, in both ideal and non-ideal sequence order, may impact ball velocity and throwing arm kinetics in professional baseball pitchers.

Methods: Professional(n=338) pitchers threw 8-12 fastball pitches while evaluated with 3D-motion capture (480 Hz).

A machine learning analysis of patient and imaging factors associated with achieving clinically substantial outcome improvements following total shoulder arthroplasty: Implications for selecting anatomic or reverse prostheses.

Background: Indications for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty(rTSA) continue to expand making it challenging to predict whether patients will benefit more from anatomic TSA(aTSA) or rTSA. The purpose of this study was to determine which factors differ between aTSA and rTSA patients that achieve meaningful outcomes and may influence surgical indication.

Methods: Random Forest dimensionality reduction was applied to reduce 23 features into a model optimizing substantial clinical benefit (SCB) prediction of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon score using 1117 consecutive patients with 2-year follow up.

Kinematic Modeling of Pitch Velocity in High School and Professional Baseball Pitchers: Comparisons With the Literature.

Background: Kinematic parameters predictive of pitch velocity have been evaluated in adolescent and collegiate baseball pitchers; however, they have not been established for high school or professional pitchers.

Purpose: To create multiregression models using anthropometric and kinematics features most predictive for pitch velocity in high school and professional pitchers and compare them with prior multiregression models evaluating other playing levels.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Anterior-Posterior Laxity in Midflexion After Posterior-Stabilized TKA Is Sensitive to MCL Tension in Passive Flexion: An in Vitro Biomechanical Study.

Background: Knee instability in midflexion may contribute to patient dissatisfaction following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Midflexion instability involves abnormal motions and tissue loading in multiple planes. Therefore, we quantified and compared the tensions carried by the medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL) following posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA through knee flexion, and then compared these tensions with those carried by the native knee.

Pitch-classifier model for professional pitchers utilizing 3D motion capture and machine learning algorithms.

Introduction: A pitcher's ability to achieve pitch location precision after a complex series of motions is of paramount importance. Kinematics have been used in analyzing performance benefits like ball velocity, as well as injury risk profile; however, prior utilization of such data for pitch location metrics is limited.

Objective: To develop a pitch classifier model utilizing machine learning algorithms to explore the potential relationships between kinematic variables and a pitcher's ability to throw a strike or ball.

Relationships between throwing mechanics and shoulder anterior force in high school and professional baseball pitchers.

Background: Excessive shoulder anterior force has been implicated in pathology of the rotator cuff in little league and professional baseball pitchers; in particular, anterior laxity, posterior stiffness, and glenohumeral joint impingement. Distinctly characterized motions associated with excessive shoulder anterior force remain poorly understood.

Methods: High school and professional pitchers were instructed to throw fastballs while being evaluated with 3D motion capture (480 Hz).

The Association between Bleeding Disorders and Postoperative Complications Following Operative Treatment of Distal Radius Fracture.

 While previous studies have investigated the association between bleeding disorders and outcomes with hip or knee surgeries, no studies have investigated the association between bleeding disorders and outcomes in upper extremity surgery.  The purpose of this study was to investigate if a past history of bleeding disorders is associated with which, if any postoperative complications for patients receiving distal radius fracture open reduction internal fixation.  Patients undergoing operative treatment for distal radius fracture from 2007 to 2018 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Kinematic Parameters Predictive of Pitch Velocity in Youth to Professional Baseball Pitchers: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Background: Specific kinematic factors have been found to contribute to faster pitch speeds, with poor mechanics leading to injury.

Purpose: To discuss the kinematic parameters that predict faster ball velocity among baseball pitchers.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Kinematic and Kinetic Comparisons of Arm Slot Position Between High School and Professional Pitchers.

Background: Throwing arm kinetics differ in pitchers at varying arm slot (AS) positions (frontal-plane arm position at ball release relative to the vertical axis).

Purpose: To determine how kinematic and kinetic values differ between professional and high school pitchers with varying AS positions, and whether these differences are similarly observed in both populations.

Methods: High school (n = 130) and professional (n = 288) pitchers threw 8 to 12 fastballs under 3-dimensional motion capture technology.

Long-Term Patient Outcomes for Treatment of Difficult Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus with Particulated Juvenile Allograft Cartilage Implantation ± Calcaneal Autograft: A Cohort Study.

Background: Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OCLT) are common injuries that can be difficult to treat. To date, long-term patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) of patients with particulated juvenile allograft cartilage implantation with or without calcaneal autograft have not been compared.

Methods: Thirteen patients with difficult to treat OCLTs underwent arthroscopic-assisted implantation of particulated juvenile allograft cartilage (DeNovo NT®) with or without autogenous calcaneal bone grafting by a single surgeon.

Racial and socioeconomic disparities in kyphoplasty among the Medicare population.

Introduction: Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive treatment for chronic refractory pain secondary to spinal compression fracture. This study investigates racial and socioeconomic disparities in kyphoplasty among the Medicare population.

Materials And Methods: This study utilized data from the Medicare Limited Data Sets (LDS), a CMS administrative claims database.

Subacromial balloon spacers for the treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears: a review.

Massive irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are a commonly encountered orthopedic condition that can be difficult to treat. Several techniques have been described to manage these tears, with the implantable subacromial balloon spacer being one of the most recent. The device, which has only been approved for clinical use in the United States since 2021, functions by resisting the superior humeral head migration seen in the setting of massive RCTs and restoring normal shoulder biomechanics, as corroborated by cadaveric studies.

The learning curve for anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review.

Background: Despite the rising incidence of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (ATSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) among surgeons, little is known about the learning curve associated with these procedures. The purpose of this systematic review was to (1) identify the learning curves associated with ATSA and RTSA, (2) evaluate the effect of the learning curves on clinical outcomes, and (3) determine the number of cases needed to achieve proficiency.

Methods: Four online databases [PubMed (NLM), MEDLINE (OVID), Cochrane Library (Wiley), and Scopus (Elsevier)] were systematically searched and screened according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.

Posterior-stabilized versus mid-level constraint polyethylene components in total knee arthroplasty.

Aims: Mid-level constraint designs for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are intended to reduce coronal plane laxity. Our aims were to compare kinematics and ligament forces of the Zimmer Biomet Persona posterior-stabilized (PS) and mid-level designs in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes under loads simulating clinical exams of the knee in a cadaver model.

Methods: We performed TKA on eight cadaveric knees and loaded them using a robotic manipulator.

Poor evidence is used to support commercial payers' coverage policies for shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: The incidence of shoulder arthroplasty has continued to increase over the past decade. In response, commercial payers have implemented strategies to control the medical requirement of these surgeries in attempt to contain the growing costs. For example, most payers require a prolonged trial of conservative management prior to shoulder arthroplasty for patients who may otherwise be surgical candidates.

Prospective registration of randomized clinical trials for total shoulder arthroplasty is low: a systematic review.

Background: Prospective trial registration has become an important means of improving the transparency and reproducibility of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and is recommended by the Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (JSES) per the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. Herein, we performed a cross-sectional evaluation of RCTs published in JSES from 2010 to present to determine the prevalence of trial registration and consistency of outcome reporting.

Methods: The electronic database PubMed was searched to identify all RCTs on total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) published in JSES from 2010 to 2022 using the search terms "randomized controlled trial" AND "shoulder" AND "arthroplasty OR replacement.

Forearm Pronation at Foot Contact: A Biomechanical Motion-Capture Analysis in High School and Professional Pitchers.

Background: It has previously been speculated that baseball pitchers who display excessive forearm pronation at foot contact (FC) have a higher propensity toward ulnar collateral ligament injury and subsequent surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between degree of forearm pronation/supination at FC and throwing arm kinetics in high school and professional pitchers, at both the individual (intrapitcher) and the group (interpitcher) level.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Pediatric Shoulder Arthroscopy Case Volume Is Uniformly Low for Graduating Orthopaedic Residents.

Purpose: To evaluate shoulder arthroscopy case volume for graduating United States orthopaedic surgery residents.

Methods: We used the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case log records to evaluate reports from academic years 2016 to 2020. Logs were queried for pediatric, adult, and total (pediatric and adult) cases.

Risks of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients Undergoing Open Reduction Internal Fixation for Ankle Fractures.

Chronic steroid and immunosuppressant use have been shown to increase the risk for postoperative complications in orthopedic surgery. Further understanding of the risks of immunosuppression is necessary to aid in risk stratification and patient counseling. However, these risks have not yet been explored in ankle fracture patients.

Pediatric Shoulder Arthroscopy is Effective and Most Commonly Indicated for Instability, Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy, and Partial Rotator Cuff Tears.

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate the literature on pediatric shoulder arthroscopy and outline its indications, outcomes, and complications.

Methods: This systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and OVID Medline were searched for studies reporting the indications, outcomes, or complications in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy under the age of 18 years.

Bayesian Calibration of Computational Knee Models to Estimate Subject-Specific Ligament Properties, Tibiofemoral Kinematics, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Force With Uncertainty Quantification.

High-grade knee laxity is associated with early anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure, poor function, and compromised clinical outcome. Yet, the specific ligaments and ligament properties driving knee laxity remain poorly understood. We described a Bayesian calibration methodology for predicting unknown ligament properties in a computational knee model.