Comparing the DSM-5 categorical model of personality disorders and the alternative model of personality disorders regarding clinician judgments of risk and outcome.

The goal of this study was to compare the predictive validity of the alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) versus the , Fifth Edition ) Section II categorical model regarding clinician judgments about mental health outcomes. To do so, we instructed a national sample of 136 mental health professionals to provide clinical judgments on a random subset of four (out of a possible 12) case vignettes. For each case, they made a variety of diagnostic judgments corresponding to each model, as well as clinical outcome judgments (e.

When meaning in life protects against fear of death: The moderating role of self-alienation.

Objective: A sense of meaning in life (MIL) is thought to help protect people against experiencing explicit anxiety about death. However, the experience of meaning is complex and subjective and may relate to death anxiety in nuanced ways. We examine how self-alienation-a feeling of not knowing/being disconnected from one's self-might moderate the relationship between MIL and death anxiety.

Temporal Stability of the Personality Assessment Inventory: Investigating Potential Predictors.

In this study, we explored the temporal stability of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), which has not been comprehensively reexamined since it was first published. Our three specific aims were to determine the utility of PAI indicators of basic protocol validity (inconsistent responses [ICN] and highly unusual/unlikely responses [INF]) in identifying suspect responding; calculate the stability coefficients for each PAI scale and subscale across 3-, 6-, and 9-week spans; and explore whether profile stability across four measurements could be prospectively predicted. We administered the PAI to a sample of undergraduates ( = 579) at four separate timepoints.

A crisis in college student mental health? Self-ratings of psychopathology before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of college students was investigated in a cross-sectional design using the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991, 2007). Three large samples of college students were recruited for research purposes and given standard instructions: 825 students from two universities assessed in the 2021-2022 academic year (postpandemic), 558 students from three universities assessed between 2016 and 2019 (prepandemic), and 1,051 students from seven universities assessed in 1989 and 1990 (college norms). Comparisons of PAI scores with the prepandemic cohort revealed several significantly higher scores in the postpandemic cohort, especially for scales related to anxiety and depression.

Detecting Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and its feigning using the Personality Assessment Inventory.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a relatively common and often disabling disorder in adults. However, feigning ADHD symptomatology is both easy and potentially common. We explored the most effective strategies for A) identifying individuals who had been diagnosed with ADHD based on existing PAI symptom indicators, and B), discriminating between feigned and genuine ADHD symptoms using PAI negative distortion indicators.

Parenting Practices and Authenticity in Mothers and Fathers.

We explored the relationship between parenting practices and the experience of subjective authenticity in the parenting role. Based on work showing that authenticity responds to violations of broad social expectations, we predicted that mothers would feel more authentic than fathers. We also predicted, however, that parenting practices that conflicted with broad gender norms would differentially predict authenticity for mothers and fathers.

The self-reference effect as a behavioral indicator of identity disturbances associated with borderline personality features in a non-clinical sample.

Background: Identity disturbances are a common feature of personality pathology and BPD. The Self-Reference Effect paradigm is a method used to measure the impact of self-relevant processing on encoding/memory, whereby self-relevant information is typically advantaged in cognitive processes. We postulated that difficulties with identity might impede the process by which one encodes self-relevant information.

True self-attributions shape judgments of blame in the context of addiction-relevant crime.

In three studies, we examined how attributing the criminal actions of a drug-addicted offender to their "true self" influences perceptions of their blameworthiness. Study 1 revealed that attributing a drug-addicted offender's crime (theft) to his true self positively predicted judgments of the offender's blameworthiness for the crime. Study 2 employed an experimental design and revealed that information connecting a crime (vs.

Mental health inequalities increase as a function of COVID-19 pandemic severity levels.

Rationale: Current evidence suggests that mental health across the globe has suffered significantly during the COVID-19 global pandemic, and that disadvantaged communities are suffering these impacts more acutely. Lower income, female gender, and younger age have all been associated with worse psychopathology during COVID-19.

Objective And Methods: The goal of this study was to determine whether these disparities are more pronounced in places where the pandemic is more severe.

The Effect of True Self-Attributions on the Endorsement of Retributive and Restorative Justice.

We examined how the attribution of criminal behavior to an individual's "true" self influences justice preferences. In Study 1 ( = 521), the extent to which undergraduates attributed a crime to a target's true self positively predicted their endorsement of a retributive form of punishment and negatively predicted their endorsement of a restorative form of punishment. Study 2 ( = 404) was preregistered and replicated these associations, even when controlling for other perceived causes (e.