The effect of breast cancer awareness interventions on young women aged 18-50 years: A systematic review.

A scarcity of research has examined the effect of breast cancer awareness (BCA) interventions among young women (18-50 years). This overlooks important differences that may affect BCA levels such as education preferences within this younger cohort. Younger women are more likely than older women to present with aggressive subtypes of breast cancer if they develop the disease, and at a more advanced stage translating into poorer survival.

The role for endobronchial biopsy in the era of endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis: a single center experience.

Background And Aim: Endobronchial biopsy (EBBX) has been reported to increase diagnostic yield for pulmonary sarcoidosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic yield for EBBX following endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA).

Methods: We identified a cohort of patients in the University of Minnesota Sarcoidosis Registry who had EBBx and EBUS-TBNA as part of workup for abnormal chest imaging.

Etiquette in the Context of Death and Dying: Communication and Conversation.

Death, bereavement, and grief are experiences suffused with conflict and disenfranchisement. Intricately connected is 'etiquette' - the sense of 'should' 'must' 'right' 'wrong' 'appropriate' and 'inappropriate' individuals feel in death and bereavement situations. This paper is the first of two answering the question, 'where does etiquette arise in death and bereavement situations and what does this 'look like?'' The theme is described, highlighting the importance of early communication for resolving conflict, what is considered 'appropriate' communication and support, and the social values underpinning these.

The Feasibility of Using the "Artery Sign" for Pre-Procedural Planning in Navigational Bronchoscopy for Parenchymal Pulmonary Lesion Sampling.

Background: Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) and robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) systems are used for pulmonary lesion sampling, and utilize a pre-procedural CT scan where an airway, or "bronchus sign", is used to map a pathway to the target lesion. However, up to 40% of pre-procedural CT's lack a "bronchus sign" partially due to surrounding emphysema or limitation in CT resolution. Recognizing that the branches of the pulmonary artery, lymphatics, and airways are often present together as the bronchovascular bundle, we postulate that a branch of the pulmonary artery ("artery sign") could be used for pathway mapping during navigation bronchoscopy when a "bronchus sign" is absent.

Utility of Functional Pneumonectomy by Using Intrabronchial Valves: First Case Series and Single Center Experience.

Background: Intrabronchial valves are approved for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and used for prolonged air leak. There is no data on bronchoscopic functional pneumonectomy (BFP) when treating patients with persistent air leak (PAL) or for lung volume reduction purposes.

Methods: In this observational study, 10 consecutive patients who failed to improve with traditional therapies were assessed after they underwent BFP for PAL or lung volume reduction.

A qualitative investigation of the impact that therapeutic recreational camps have on the psychological wellbeing of siblings of individuals with health conditions.

Background: The siblings of individuals with health conditions are often overlooked, despite being at risk of experiencing psychological difficulties. There is a lack of literature investigating interventions which could promote siblings' psychological wellbeing. Therapeutic recreational (TR) camps promote self-perception and self-worth, yet there are currently no UK studies qualitatively investigating siblings' experiences of TR camps.

To Investigate the Effect of Targeted Overdilation in Balloon-Expandable Stents.

Purpose: Balloon-expandable stents are commonly used for the treatment of tracheobronchial strictures. We routinely perform targeted overdilation of these stents 1-2mm on initial deployment to prevent stent migration or allow foreshortening to target airway caliber; however, specific data on the effect of targeted overdilation is unknown.

Patients And Methods: We used three iCAST stents (6×22mm, 7×22mm, and 10×38mm) to perform the study.

Delivering clinical evidence-based child-parent interventions for emotional development through a digital platform: A feasibility trial.

As the prevalence of mental health conditions in childhood increases, there are growing concerns around the accessibility and scale of evidence-based support. However, barriers to referral, time commitment and engagement rates means recommended traditional group-based parenting programmes are unable to provide population level support at scale. The aim of this feasibility study was to establish whether a suite of purposively constructed animated films and digital resources could positively impact on parent and child outcomes in the early years.

An investigation of factors encouraging and deterring EC use: a thematic analysis of accounts from UK adults.

Objective: This study aimed to explore E-cigarette (EC) accounts from a small sample of UK adults with varied smoking/EC experiences. This was to contribute to existing knowledge of adult perceptions and understand the factors that encourage or deter use to inform health messaging aimed at professionals, policy makers and the general public.

Design: Twelve participants, five men and seven women aged 23-55 years (mean age 32.

A thematic analysis of smokers' and non-smokers' accounts of E-cigarettes.

This study explored smokers' and non-smokers' accounts of E-cigarettes. A total of 51 UK-based participants, 20 men and 31 women, responded to open-ended questions online. Inductive thematic analysis identified that the factors that influence E-cigarette behaviour and opinion in adult smokers and non-smokers are related to and Participants presented varying accounts of E-cigarettes, suggesting that individual narratives regarding E-cigarettes are multi-faceted.

Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease.

Transbronchial cryoprobe lung biopsy (TBCLB) have recently been introduced as a safe diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases. While we do not enough evidence its role and place as a diagnostic procedure, the technique has been adopted by many centers. In spite of expanding body of literature, there are variations in patient selection and procedural aspect of the procedure.

Causing Mediastinal Infection following Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is now a standard of care to sample mediastinal lymph nodes and masses with high diagnostic accuracy and low complication rates. However, the procedure has potential complications that might be life-threatening. Here, we present the first case of () causing mediastinitis following EBUS-TBNA of a subcarinal lymph node.

ERCP-associated infected intrahepatic pancreatic pseudocyst.

Introduction: Pancreatic pseudocysts are abnormal mature collections of pancreatic fluid that can develop in association with acute or chronic pancreatitis. Here, we share the discovery of an infected hepatic subcapsular pseudocyst of the pancreas causing septic shock following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Presentation Of Case: A 55-year-old woman with ethanol-related chronic pancreatitis and biliary stricture was transferred to the ICU for hypotension 8 hours following ERCP.

PEEP titration: the effect of prone position and abdominal pressure in an ARDS model.

Background: Prone position and PEEP can both improve oxygenation and other parameters, but their interaction has not been fully described. Limited data directly compare selection of mechanically "optimal" or "best" PEEP in both supine and prone positions, either with or without changes in chest wall compliance. To compare best PEEP in these varied conditions, we used an experimental ARDS model to compare the mechanical, gas exchange, and hemodynamic response to PEEP titration in supine and prone position with varied abdominal pressure.

The Effect of Compartmental Asymmetry on the Monitoring of Pulmonary Mechanics and Lung Volumes.

Background: Esophageal pressure measurement for computation of transpulmonary pressure (P) has begun to be incorporated into clinical use for evaluating forces across the lungs. Gaps exist in our understanding of how esophageal pressure (and therefore P), a value measured at a single site, responds when respiratory system compartments are asymmetrically affected by whole-lung atelectasis or unilateral injury as well as changes in chest wall compliance. We reasoned that P would track with aerated volume changes as estimated by functional residual capacity (FRC) and tidal volume.

Parasomnia Overlap Disorder with Sexual Behaviors during Sleep in a Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Sleep-related abnormal sexual behaviors (sexsomnia) are classified as a subtype of NREM sleep parasomnias. Sexsomnia has been reported as part of parasomnia overlap disorder (POD) in two other patients. We present the case of a 42-year-old male patient with video-polysomnography (vPSG) documented POD.

IgG4-related lung disease: a case series of 6 patients and review of the literature.

IgG4 related disease has been recently proposed as a unifying term for a group of inflammatory conditions previously referred to by a plethora of other names. The common denominator for these entities is the histopathologic finding of lymphocytic infiltrates rich in IgG4 producing plasma cells, often accompanied by storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis. Many medical conditions have been attributed to IgG4-related disease,but few reports of IgG4-related lung disease have been published, and it remains a rare condition about which little is known.

Unilateral mechanical asymmetry: positional effects on lung volumes and transpulmonary pressure.

Background: Ventilated patients with asymmetry of lung or chest wall mechanics may be vulnerable to differing lung stresses or strains dependent on body position. Our purpose was to examine transpulmonary pressure (P TP) and end-expiratory lung volume (functional residual capacity (FRC)) during body positioning changes in an animal model under the influence of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or experimental pleural effusion (PLEF).

Methods: Fourteen deeply anesthetized swine were studied including tracheostomy, thoracostomy, and esophageal catheter placement.

Impact of Chest Wall Modifications and Lung Injury on the Correspondence Between Airway and Transpulmonary Driving Pressures.

Objective: Recent interest has arisen in airway driving pressure (DP(AW)), the quotient of tidal volume (V(T)), and respiratory system compliance (C(RS)), which could serve as a direct and easily measured marker for ventilator-induced lung injury risk. We aimed to test the correspondence between DP(AW) and transpulmonary driving pressure (DP(TP))-the quotient of V(T) and lung compliance (C(L)), in response to intra-abdominal hypertension and changes in positive end-expiratory pressure during different models of lung pathology.

Design: Well-controlled experimental setting that allowed reversible modification of chest wall compliance (C(CW)) in a variety of models of lung pathology.

Management of the bleeding patient receiving new oral anticoagulants: a role for prothrombin complex concentrates.

Ease of dosing and simplicity of monitoring make new oral anticoagulants an attractive therapy in a growing range of clinical conditions. However, newer oral anticoagulants interact with the coagulation cascade in different ways than traditional warfarin therapy. Replacement of clotting factors will not reverse the effects of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban.

Lethal factor and anti-protective antigen IgG levels associated with inhalation anthrax, Minnesota, USA.

Bacillus anthracis was identified in a 61-year-old man hospitalized in Minnesota, USA. Cooperation between the hospital and the state health agency enhanced prompt identification of the pathogen. Treatment comprising antimicrobial drugs, anthrax immune globulin, and pleural drainage led to full recovery; however, the role of passive immunization in anthrax treatment requires further evaluation.