Green Recycling Methods to Treat Lithium-Ion Batteries E-Waste: A Circular Approach to Sustainability.

E-waste generated from end-of-life spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing at a rapid rate owing to the increasing consumption of these batteries in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage worldwide. On the one hand, landfilling and incinerating LIBs e-waste poses environmental and safety concerns owing to their constituent materials. On the other hand, scarcity of metal resources used in manufacturing LIBs and potential value creation through the recovery of these metal resources from spent LIBs has triggered increased interest in recycling spent LIBs from e-waste.

A review on the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by the bioleaching approach.

This review discusses the latest trend in recovering valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to meet the technological world's critical metal demands. Spent LIBs are a secondary source of valuable metals such as Li (5%-7%), Ni (5%-10%), Co (5%-25%), Mn (5-11%), and non-metal graphite. Recycling is essential for the battery industry to extract valuable critical metals from secondary sources to develop new and novel high-tech LIBs for various applications such as eco-friendly technologies, renewable energy, emission-free electric vehicles, and energy-saving lightings.

Pleomorphomonas diazotrophica sp. nov., an endophytic N-fixing bacterium isolated from root tissue of Jatropha curcas L.

A novel aerobic, non-motile, pleomorphic, Gram-negative and nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, designated R5-392(T), was isolated from surface-sterilized root tissue of Jatropha curcas. The organism grew optimally at 30 °C in media containing 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.0-8.

Crosslinked enzyme crystals of glucoamylase as a potent catalyst for biotransformations.

Glucoamylase (E.C: 3.2.