Comparative levels of carbonyl delivery between mass-market cigars and cigarettes.

The recent 2016 deeming of cigars by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has led to increased interest in cigar science, including ways to accurately measure the harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) found within mainstream cigar smoke. At present, there are standardized methods for evaluating HPHCs in mainstream cigarette smoke but none specific to cigar analysis except for nicotine and carbon monoxide. This study sought to analyze carbonyl delivery in marketed cigars and cigarillos and compare them against levels found in cigarettes.

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel small molecule inhibitors of the influenza virus protein NS1.

Influenza is a continuing world-wide public health problem that causes significant morbidity and mortality during seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics. The existing vaccination program is variably effective from year to year, and drug resistance to available antivirals is a growing problem, making the development of additional antivirals an important challenge. Influenza virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is the centerpiece of the viral response to the host interferon (IFN) system.

Novel inhibitor of influenza non-structural protein 1 blocks multi-cycle replication in an RNase L-dependent manner.

Influenza virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is the centrepiece of the viral response to the host interferon (IFN) system. NS1 has been demonstrated previously to be a potential therapeutic target for antiviral therapy by identification of specific small-molecule inhibitors. This study demonstrated the biological mechanism for a potent new NS1 antagonist.