Preconditioning against renal ischaemia reperfusion injury: the failure to translate to the clinic.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) as a result of ischaemia-reperfusion represents a major healthcare burden worldwide. Mortality rates from AKI in hospitalized patients are extremely high and have changed little despite decades of research and medical advances. In 1986, Murry et al.

Renal colic: current protocols for emergency presentations.

Flank pain caused by renal colic is a common presentation to emergency departments. This paper reviews the acute clinical assessment of these patients, outlines appropriate diagnostic strategies with labwork and imaging and updates the reader on conservative treatments, suitable choices for analgesia and indications for surgical intervention. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment instituted in the Emergency Department can rapidly and effectively manage this excruciatingly painful condition.

Active surveillance for prostate cancer: an Australian experience.

Objective: To assess the patient and cancer characteristics as well as outcomes of a large cohort of Australian men who chose active surveillance (AS) as initial management of their low-risk prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: Men treated by one surgeon who had chosen AS as the primary management for prostate cancer were identified from the records. The patient and cancer data recorded included: patient age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration at diagnosis, mode of prostate cancer detection.

Is a cystogram necessary after radical prostatectomy?

Background: Improvements in the surgical technique of radical prostatectomy have allowed the length of postoperative catheterization to be reduced dramatically over the past 20 years. Today, many surgeons perform a cystogram to ensure the anastomosis is watertight before an 'early' (day 7 or less) trial of void (TOV). We aim to show that achieving an intraoperative watertight anastomosis may preclude the need for routine cystogram prior to TOV.