Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis Reveals a Potential Role of Saponins in the Partial Resistance of Pea () Against a Root Rot Pathogen, .

In soilborne diseases, the plant-pathogen interaction begins as soon as the seed germinates and develops into a seedling. , an oomycete, stays dormant in soil and is activated by sensing the host through chemical signals present in the root exudates. The composition of plant exudates may, thus, play an important role during the early phase of infection.

Chirality in Singlet Fission: Controlling Singlet Fission in Aqueous Nanoparticles of Tetracenedicarboxylic Acid Ion Pairs.

The singlet fission characteristics of aqueous nanoparticles, self-assembled from ion pairs of tetracene dicarboxylic acid and various amines with or without chirality, are thoroughly investigated. The structure of the ammonium molecule, the counterion, is found to play a decisive role in determining the molecular orientation of the ion pairs and its regularity, spectroscopic properties, the strength of the intermolecular coupling between the tetracene chromophores, and the consequent singlet fission process. Using chiral amines has led to the formation of crystalline nanosheets and efficient singlet fission with a triplet quantum yield as high as 133% ±20% and a rate constant of 6.

Comprehensive Analysis of Biomass from Cultivated with Industrial Flue Gas as the Carbon Source.

, isolated from a pond adjacent to a cement plant, was cultured using flue gas collected directly from kiln emissions using 20 L and 25000 L photobioreactors. Lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides were analyzed to understand their overall composition for potential applications. The lipid content ranged from 17.

Characterization of Neutral Lipids of the Oleaginous Alga .

An oleaginous microalga isolated from Mariana Lake, AB, Canada was cultured in a 1000 L photobioreactor with an f/2 medium to study its lipid content and neutral lipid profile. Algal biomass was collected at the stationary phase contained a significant amount of lipids (44.2%), as determined by Folch's method.

Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) with Microbial Growth Broth Improve Biomass and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation of L.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a sustainable crop production input; some show positive effects under laboratory conditions but poorly colonize host field-grown plants. Inoculating with PGPR in microbial growth medium (, King's B) could overcome this. We evaluated cannabis plant (cv.

Evaluation of the Uptake, Metabolism, and Secretion of Toxicants by Zebrafish Larvae.

Zebrafish larvae have classically been used as a high-throughput model with which to test both the bioactivity and toxicity of known and novel compounds, making them a promising whole organism New Approach Method in the context of the international momentum to eliminate animal testing. Larvae are generally exposed to the chemicals being tested in a static environment and the concentration-response patterns are calculated based on the initial bath concentrations of the compounds. This approach rarely takes into account the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the compounds being tested, which can have a significant effect on the toxicokinetic profiles of the compounds and thus impact the predictive ability of the model.

Analysis of Polar Lipids in Hemp ( L.) By-Products by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Polar lipids were extracted from residual biomass of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by-products with EtOH and partitioned into aqueous and chloroform fractions. The chloroform fractions were studied for their lipid composition using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by UHPLC/HRMS and NMR analyses.

Production of quorum sensing-related metabolites and phytoalexins during interaction.

is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that has been shown to interact with many organisms throughout the domains of life, including plants. How this broad-host-range bacterium interacts with each of its diverse hosts, especially the metabolites that mediate these interactions, is not completely known. In this work, we used a liquid culture root infection system to collect plant and bacterial metabolites on days 1, 3 and 5 post-.

Triacylglycerols and Other Lipids Profiling of Hemp By-Products.

Hemp seed by-products, namely hemp cake (hemp meal) and hemp hulls were studied for their lipid content and composition. Total lipid content of hemp cake and hemp hulls was 13.1% and 17.

Assessing the bioactivity of cannabis extracts in larval zebrafish.

Background: Whole-plant cannabis extracts are consumed by the public for medical and non-medical ("recreational") purposes but are poorly researched compared to pure cannabinoids. There is emerging evidence that cannabis extracts comprising complex mixtures of cannabinoids may have different biological effects from that of pure cannabinoids. In the current study, we sought to assess the effect of whole-plant cannabis extracts produced from different chemotypes of cannabis on the normal behavior of zebrafish larvae.

Validation of Scolioscan Air-Portable Radiation-Free Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging Assessment System for Scoliosis.

To diagnose scoliosis, the standing radiograph with Cobb's method is the gold standard for clinical practice. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging, which is radiation-free and inexpensive, has been demonstrated to be reliable for the assessment of scoliosis and validated by several groups. A portable 3D ultrasound system for scoliosis assessment is very much demanded, as it can further extend its potential applications for scoliosis screening, diagnosis, monitoring, treatment outcome measurement, and progress prediction.

9,10-Dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethoxyphenanthrene-1,4-dione: a new dihydrophenanthrene from commercial cannabis and its effect on zebrafish larval behaviour.

A new dihydrophenanthrene derivative namely 9,10-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2, 3,6-trimethoxyphenanthrene-1,4-dione () was isolated from commercial cannabis product together with 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3,6-trimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (), 4-hydroxy-2,3,6,7-tetramethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (), combretastatin B-2 () and isocannbispiradienone (). Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds were done based on the interpretation of the mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. New dihydrophenanthrene derivative () was tested for its effect on zebrafish larval behaviour.

Low Mannitol Concentrations in Expressing Genes Improve Salt Tolerance.

Mannitol is abundant in a wide range of organisms, playing important roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Nonetheless, mannitol is not produced by a vast majority of plants, including many important crop plants. Mannitol-producing transgenic plants displayed improved tolerance to salt stresses though mannitol production was rather low, in the µM range, compared to mM range found in plants that innately produce mannitol.

Visible-to-UV Photon Upconversion in Nanostructured Chromophoric Ionic Liquids.

Visible-to-ultraviolet (vis-to-UV) triplet-triplet annihilation based photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is achieved in a non-volatile chromophoric ionic liquid (IL) for the first time. A novel IL is synthesized by combining UV-emitting anion 4-(2-phenyloxazol-5-yl)benzenesulfonate (PPOS) and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium cation (P). The nanostructured organization of chromophoric anions is demonstrated by synchrotron X-ray and optical measurements.

Insights into the κ/ι-carrageenan metabolism pathway of some marine species.

is a globally distributed marine-associated genus that can be found in a broad range of aquatic environments, including in association with macroalgal surfaces where they may take advantage of these rich sources of polysaccharides. The metabolic systems that confer the ability to metabolize this abundant form of photosynthetically fixed carbon, however, are not yet fully understood. Through genomics, transcriptomics, microbiology, and specific structure-function studies of pathway components we address the capacity of newly isolated marine pseudoalteromonads to metabolize the red algal galactan carrageenan.

Enhanced Electric Polarization and Polar Switching of Dipolar Aromatic Liquids Confined in Supramolecular Gel Networks.

Dipolar aromatic liquids confined in the interstitial domains of chiral organogels show significantly enhanced electric polarization, as compared with those of pure liquids alone or organogels formed with nonpolar liquids. Intriguingly, nitrobenzene gels showed a supramolecular polar switching phenomenon; i.e.

Electrochemical Thermoelectric Conversion with Polysulfide as Redox Species.

Thermocells convert waste heat to electricity without any pollution; however, the high cost and corrosivity of redox species hinder their commercialization. In this work, a thermocell that utilizes abundant polysulfide as redox species was demonstrated for the first time. 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium polysulfide [(P ) S ] was synthesized, and the redox species were prepared by the addition of sulfur to the (P ) S solution in DMSO.

Publisher Correction: Optimal compressed representation of high throughput sequence data via light assembly.

The original version of this Article contained errors in the affiliations of the authors Ibrahim Numanagić and Thomas A. Courtade, which were incorrectly given as 'Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA' and 'Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA', respectively. Also, the hyperlink for the source code in the Data Availability section was incorrectly given as https://github.

Analysis of the Uptake, Metabolism, and Behavioral Effects of Cannabinoids on Zebrafish Larvae.

The Cannabis sativa plant contains numerous phytocannabinoids and terpenes with known or potential biological activity. For decades, plant breeders have been breeding the Cannabis plant to control for a desired ratio of the major cannabinoids. A high-throughput in vivo model to understand the relationship between the chemical composition of different strains and their therapeutic potential then becomes of value.

Optimal compressed representation of high throughput sequence data via light assembly.

The most effective genomic data compression methods either assemble reads into contigs, or replace them with their alignment positions on a reference genome. Such methods require significant computational resources, but faster alternatives that avoid using explicit or de novo-constructed references fail to match their performance. Here, we introduce a new reference-free compressed representation for genomic data based on light de novo assembly of reads, where each read is represented as a node in a (compact) trie.

Ferroelectric Coordination Polymers Self-Assembled from Mesogenic Zinc(II) Porphyrin and Dipolar Bridging Ligands.

A new class of ferroelectric coordination-based polymers has been developed by the self-assembly of lipophilic zinc porphyrin (ZnP) and ditopic bridging ligands. The ligands contain dipolar benzothiadiazole or fluorobenzene units, which are axially coordinated to ZnP with the dipole moments oriented perpendicular to the coordination axes. The coordination-based polymers show ferroelectric characteristics in the liquid crystalline state, as revealed by distinctive hysteresis in the polarization-electric field (P-E) loops and inversion current peaks in current-voltage (I-V) loops.

Characterization of Shrimp Oil from Pandalus borealis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, was recovered from the cooking water of shrimp processing facilities. The oil contains significant amounts of omega-3 fatty acids in triglyceride form, along with substantial long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). It also features natural isomeric forms of astaxanthin, a nutritional carotenoid, which gives the oil a brilliant red color.

Self-assembly of a catechol-based macrocycle at the liquid-solid interface: experiments and molecular dynamics simulations.

This combined experimental (STM, XPS) and molecular dynamics simulation study highlights the complex and subtle interplay of solvent effects and surface interactions on the 2-D self-assembly pattern of a Schiff-base macrocycle containing catechol moieties at the liquid-solid interface. STM imaging reveals a hexagonal ordering of the macrocycles at the n-tetradecane/Au(111) interface, compatible with a desorption of the lateral chains of the macrocycle. Interestingly, all the triangular-shaped macrocycles are oriented in the same direction, avoiding a close-packed structure.

Strategic identification of in vitro metabolites of 13-desmethyl spirolide C using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry.

A strategy to identify metabolites of a marine biotoxin, 13-desmethyl spirolide C, has been developed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS). Metabolites were generated in vitro through incubation with human liver microsomes. A list of metabolites was established by selecting precursor ions of a common fragment ion characteristic of the spirolide toxin which was known to contain a cyclic imine ring.

Molecular characterization of zebrafish embryogenesis via DNA microarrays and multiplatform time course metabolomics studies.

One of the greatest strengths of "-omics" technologies is their ability to capture a molecular snapshot of multiple cellular processes simultaneously. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have, individually, been used in wide-ranging studies involving cell lines, tissues, model organisms, and human subjects. Nonetheless, despite the fact that their power lies in the global acquisition of parallel data streams, these methods continue to be employed separately.