Increased serum free light chains precede the presentation of immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis.

Purpose: Patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) generally present with advanced organ dysfunction and have a high risk of early death. We sought to characterize monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-Ig) light chains before clinical presentation of AL amyloidosis.

Patients And Methods: We obtained prediagnostic sera from 20 cases with AL amyloidosis and 20 healthy controls matched for age, sex, race, and age of serum sample from the Department of Defense Serum Repository.

Burger King and Subway: key nutrients, glycemic index, and glycemic load of nutritionally promoted items.

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the glycemic load (GL) of nutritionally promoted fast-food menu items and to compare menu items nutritionally.

Methods: Published glycemic index (GI) values and nutritional information from the Web sites of Subway and Burger King were used to calculate the GL of nutritionally promoted items. Menu items were compared based on calories, macronutrients, saturated fat, GI, and GL as basic items and as often served.