Uterus Transplantation: the Translational Evolution of a Clinical Breakthrough.

Women suffering from absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI), due to either lack of a uterus or one unable to sustain neonatal viability, presented as one of the last frontiers in conquering infertility. Following systematic animal research for over a decade, uterus transplantation was tested as a treatment for AUFI in 2012, which culminated in the first human live birth in 2014. The development of uterus transplantation from mouse to human has followed both the Moore criteria for introduction of a surgical innovation and the IDEAL concept for evaluation of a novel major surgical procedure.

Melanoma Screening: The Ethics of Over- and Underdiagnosis.

Cutaneous melanoma is the fifth most diagnosed cancer in the United States and the incidence is increasing yearly. At present, population screening for melanoma is not recommended by national guidelines on account of insufficient evidence to assess the balance of benefits and harms. Indeed, there remains significant controversy over whether screening for melanoma via increasing the frequency of routine skin checks leads to tangible long-term health benefits for patients.