On the rocks: can urologists identify stone composition based on endoscopic images alone? A worldwide survey of urologists.

Purpose: As part of the management of nephrolithiasis, determination of chemical composition of stones is important. Our objective in this study is to assess urologists' accuracy in making visual, intraoperative determinations of stone composition.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a REDCap survey asking urologists to predict stone composition based on intraoperative images of 10 different pure-composition kidney stones of 7 different types: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), calcium phosphate (CP) apatite, CP brushite, uric acid (UA), struvite (ST) and cystine (CY).

Dosing Variability and Clinical Outcomes of Oxybutynin: A Pediatric Cohort of Patients With Neurogenic Bladder.

Background: Despite the therapeutic advancements of the last several decades, neurogenic bladder remains a significant source of morbidity for patients with a spinal pathology. Oxybutynin is a mainstay of treatment in pediatric populations despite significant side effects and highly variable bioavailability.

Objectives: To characterize the use of oxybutynin in a cohort of pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder.

Characterization of perioperative androgen profiles in men with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.

Background: Prior studies have demonstrated declines in androgen levels in men with cancer and patients undergoing anesthesia and surgery. In this study, we hypothesized that decreased serum androgen levels are prevalent in male patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer and that it persists in the postoperative period. We characterized perioperative androgen hormonal profiles and examined for associated changes indicative of sarcopenia on computed tomography scans in men undergoing RC.