Assessment of a head support system to prevent pediatric out-of-position: an observational study.

Head injuries are the most common severe injuries sustained by pediatric occupants in road traffic crashes. Preventing children from adopting positions that can result in an increased injury risk due to unfavorable interactions with the restraints is fundamental. The objective of this paper was to assess the effect of a head support system (SS) on the lateral position of the head, the vertical position of the sternum and the shoulder belt fit.

Child posture and shoulder belt fit during extended night-time traveling: an in-transit observational study.

Understanding pediatric occupant postures can help researchers indentify injury risk factors, and provide information for prospective injury prediction. This study sought to observe lateral head positions and shoulder belt fit among older child automobile occupants during a scenario likely to result in sleeping - extended travel during the night. An observational, volunteer, in-transit study was performed with 30 pediatric rear-seat passengers, ages 7 to 14.

Endplate indentation of the fourth lumbar vertebra - biomed 2010.

This study presents the results of indentation tests on the superior vertebral endplate of the 4th lumbar vertebra (L4) of eleven male cadaveric subjects (65 +/- 7 years). Three locations on the superior endplate surface were loaded with a 7.9 mm spherical indentor at either a low (1 mm/s) or high (1000 mm/s) rate.

Failure of the lumbar pedicles under bending loading - biomed 2010.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the magnitude of bending moment that results in fracture of the pedicles when lumbar vertebrae are loaded in four-point bending. Nine human second lumbar vertebrae (L2) were harvested from donors aged 59-75 years. The specimens were potted and then subjected to quasi-static sagittal-plane four-point bending, which allowed for a constant bending moment applied over a 3.