Dissociative Identity Disorder CPAP Adherence: An Uncommon Factor in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

We present a case of a patient with dissociative identity disorder and symptomatic sleep apnea who was treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CPAP use depended upon which personality the patient exhibited but apnea reduction did not. This case illustrates in one individual how personality can positively or negatively affect CPAP adherence.

Frequency and impact of pulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

The correlates and consequences of pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are poorly understood. Patients undergoing pulmonary artery catheterization within 6 months of an overnight polysomnography showing OSA were included in the present analysis. A total of 83 patients with complete data were analyzed (no PH, n = 25 [30%]; PH, 58 [70%]; of these, 18 had a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of <15 mm Hg).

Prevalence and characteristics of restless legs syndrome in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have an increased prevalence of risk factors for restless legs syndrome (RLS). We performed a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and characteristics of RLS in this population.

Methods: Patients filled out two questionnaires during a visit: (1) a diagnostic tool for RLS, based on the core clinical features; and (2) a 10-question rating scale used to assess severity.

Sleep-related breathing disorders in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and usually fatal lung disease of unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to describe clinical and polysomnographic features of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) and to identify predictors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in IPF patients. Eight hundred fifty-seven patients with IPF were admitted to the Cleveland Clinic from 2001 to 2005.

Restless legs syndrome in lung transplant recipients.

Background: Given the increased incidence of steroid-induced diabetes and drug-induced anemia, renal dysfunction and neuropathy, we believed that lung transplant recipients would be at an increased risk of developing restless legs syndrome (RLS). We performed a cross-sectional, observational study to determine the prevalence and characteristics of RLS in this population.

Methods: Patients filled out two questionnaires during a routine visit: (1) a diagnostic tool for RLS, based on the core clinical features; and (2) a 10-question rating scale used to assess severity.

Predictors of nocturnal oxygen desaturation in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: Sleep may be associated with significant respiratory compromise in patients with lung disease and can result in hypoxia. In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), nocturnal desaturation may not be reflected in daytime evaluations of oxygenation and can lead to worsening pulmonary hemodynamics. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and significance of nocturnal oxygen desaturation in patients with PAH.

Unrecognized sleep apnea in the surgical patient: implications for the perioperative setting.

Unlabelled: Anesthesia and surgery both affect the architecture of sleep. Aside from the postoperative effects of anesthesia and surgery, sleep deprivation and fragmentation have been shown to produce apneas or desaturations even in patients without presumed sleep apnea. Recent epidemiologic data have placed the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) at about 5% among Western countries.

Restless legs syndrome: keys to recognition and treatment.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common and clinically significant motor disorder increasingly recognized by physicians and the general public, yet still underdiagnosed, underreported, and undertreated. Effective therapies are available, but a high index of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis and start treatment quickly. We now have enough data to support the use of dopaminergic agents, benzodiazepines, antiepileptics, and opioids in these patients.

Abnormalities in nitric oxide and its derivatives in lung cancer.

Rationale: A cellular prooxidant state promotes cells to neoplastic growth, in part because of modification of proteins and their functions. Reactive nitrogen species formed from nitric oxide (NO) or its metabolites, can lead to protein tyrosine nitration, which is elevated in lung cancer.

Objective: To determine the alteration in these NO derivatives and the role they may play in contributing to lung carcinogenesis.

Comparison of Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores by patients with obstructive sleep apnea and their bed partners.

Objectives: In some patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores (ESS) do not reflect the severity of disease. In many cases, bed partners (BPs) report more severe hypersomnia on the part of the patient than the patient him/herself. The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between patients and BPs on ESS scores and to compare patients and BPs on the correlation between ESS and the severity of OSA.

Prediction of the final MSLT result from the results of the first three naps.

Objectives: To determine if the mean sleep latency (mSL) and the presence of significant sleep onset rapid eye movement periods (SOREMPs) can be predicted from the results of the first three naps in selected patients undergoing multiple sleep latency test (MSLT).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a number of MSLTs to identify the tests in which the mSL category and the presence of > or =2 naps with SOREMPS can be accurately predicted from the sleep latencies (SLs) of and SOREMPs in the first three naps.

Results: The study included 588 consecutive MSLTs performed on 552 patients during a 3-year period.

Sleep-related eating disorder in fraternal twins.

Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is characterized by nocturnal partial arousals associated with compulsive consumption of food and altered levels of consciousness. Reports of an increased incidence of SRED in relatives of affected individuals suggest a genetic predisposition. We report a woman with SRED whose fraternal twin sister and father are also affected.

Obstructive sleep apnea.

Preview Repeated occlusion of the upper airway during sleep results in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Affected individuals may experience excessive daytime sleepiness, intellectual impairment, and personality changes, and their risk of cerebrovascular accidents, ischemic heart disease, and severe respiratory failure is increased. The authors of this article examine methods of recognizing the disorder, indications for treatment, and various medical and surgical approaches to management.