Trajectories of Nevus Development From Age 3 to 16 Years in the Colorado Kids Sun Care Program Cohort.

Importance: Nevi are a risk factor for melanoma and other forms of skin cancer, and many of the same factors confer risk for both. Understanding childhood nevus development may provide clues to possible causes and prevention of melanoma.

Objectives: To describe nevus acquisition from the ages of 3 to 16 years among white youths and evaluate variation by sex, Hispanic ethnicity, and body sites that are chronically vs intermittently exposed to the sun.

Interactions between ultraviolet light and MC1R and OCA2 variants are determinants of childhood nevus and freckle phenotypes.

Background: Melanocytic nevi (moles) and freckles are well known biomarkers of melanoma risk, and they are influenced by similar UV light exposures and genetic susceptibilities to those that increase melanoma risk. Nevertheless, the selective interactions between UV exposures and nevus and freckling genes remain largely undescribed.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study from ages 6 through 10 years in 477 Colorado children who had annual information collected for sun exposure, sun protection behaviors, and full body skin exams.

Vemurafenib-induced neutrophilic panniculitis in a child with a brainstem glioma.

Neutrophilic panniculitis is a rare adverse effect of therapy with selective BRAF inhibitors. We report a case of neutrophilic panniculitis in a 15-year-old girl receiving treatment with vemurafenib for a brainstem glioma. Clinicians should be aware of this rare but important side effect of vemurafenib.

Mailed intervention to promote sun protection of children: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Sun exposure, especially during childhood, is the most important preventable risk factor for skin cancer, yet few effective interventions to reduce exposure exist.

Purpose: To test the effectiveness of a partially tailored mailed intervention based on the Precaution Adoption Process Model, delivered in the spring over 3 years to parents and children.

Design: RCT, with data collection through telephone interviews of parents and skin exams of children at baseline (Summer 2004) and annually (Summer 2005-2007).

Parents' perceptions of skin cancer threat and children's physical activity.

Introduction: Sun exposure is a major risk factor for skin cancer, but without physical activity, children are at risk of childhood obesity. The objective of this study was to explore relationships between parental perceptions of skin cancer threat, sun protection behaviors, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) in children.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis nested within the Colorado Kids Sun Care Program sun safety intervention trial.

Onychomycosis in the Denver pediatrics population, a retrospective study.

Onychomycosis (OM) is a common nail disorder in adults but has been rare in children. Recent international studies have demonstrated a rise in the prevalence of OM in children and adolescents, with Trichophyton rubrum being the most common pathogen. This 5-year retrospective chart review of children (aged <18) found that 66 of 141 patients (46.

Sun damage in ultraviolet photographs correlates with phenotypic melanoma risk factors in 12-year-old children.

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) photography has been used to motivate sun safety in behavioral interventions. The relationship between sun damage shown in UV photographs and melanoma risk has not been systematically investigated.

Objective: To examine the relationship between severity of sun damage in UV photographs and phenotypic melanoma risk factors in children.

Effect of hair color and sun sensitivity on nevus counts in white children in Colorado.

Background: It has been widely reported that individuals with a light phenotype (ie, light hair color, light base skin color, and propensity to burn) have more nevi and are at greater risk for developing skin cancer. No studies have systematically investigated how phenotypic traits may interact in relation to nevus development.

Objective: We sought to systematically examine whether any combinations of phenotype are associated with a greater or lesser risk for nevus development in white children.

Vitiligo treatment in childhood: a state of the art review.

Vitiligo is a common depigmenting disorder affecting about 1-2% of the world population. Approximately half of the affected individuals develop the disease before adulthood. Etiologic hypotheses for vitiligo include biochemical, neural and autoimmune mechanisms.

Tanning and increased nevus development in very-light-skinned children without red hair.

Objective: To examine the relationship between tanning and nevus development in very-light-skinned children.

Design: Prospective cohort nested within a randomized controlled trial. Skin examinations in 3 consecutive years (2004, 2005, and 2006) included full-body counts of nevi, skin color and tanning measurement using colorimetry, and hair and eye color evaluation by comparison with charts.

The anatomic distribution of melanoma and relationships with childhood nevus distribution in Colorado.

The nature of the relationship between nevus development in childhood and later development of melanoma is unclear. Data on melanoma diagnoses by histologic type and anatomic site were obtained for 2351 white, non-Hispanics in Colorado from the Colorado Central Cancer Registry between 2000 and 2004. Nevus size and body site were ascertained during skin exams conducted in the summer of 2007 on 717 white, non-Hispanic children aged 8-9 years.

Melanocytic nevus development in Colorado children born in 1998: a longitudinal study.

Objective: To describe the development of nevi from 3 to 8 years of age in a birth cohort of children in Colorado.

Design: Longitudinal observational study.

Setting: Large managed care organization and university and private primary care practices.

Vacations to waterside locations result in nevus development in Colorado children.

Nevi are a main risk factor for malignant melanoma, and most nevi develop in childhood. This study examined the relationship between vacations and nevi in 681 White children born in 1998 who were lifetime residents of Colorado. Vacation histories were assessed through telephone interviews of parents, whereas nevus and phenotypic characteristics were assessed through skin exams at age 7.

Dermatitis under soccer shin guards: allergy or contact irritant reaction?

We report a retrospective analysis of eight children aged 9 to 16 years who were evaluated for a persistent or recurrent dermatitis that appeared under soccer shin guards. To examine the possibility of contact allergy, all had 51 standard epicutaneous (patch) tests applied and three or four additional tests comprised of pieces of the shin guard components. Tests were read at 48 and 120 hours and all were negative in each subject.

Atypical IgA/IgG pemphigus involving the skin, oral mucosa, and colon in a child: a novel variant of IgA pemphigus?

Immune-mediated blistering diseases are rare in childhood, with the subset of IgA pemphigus being extremely uncommon. A child with a bullous disorder of the oral mucosa, skin, and colon is reported because of the unusual nature of the clinical and laboratory findings. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated both intercellular epidermal and basement membrane zone deposition of IgA and IgG antibodies, as well as intercellular colonic deposition of IgA antibodies.

Myths and misconceptions: the risk of melanoma in small congenital nevi.

A 2-year-old boy presents with a 4 x 3-cm, darkly pigmented nevus on his back. His mother states that this lesion has been present since birth. Both parents noticed that the nevus has become slightly larger but deny any other changes in its appearance.

Is high mole count a marker of more than melanoma risk? Eczema diagnosis is associated with melanocytic nevi in children.

Background: The number of melanocytic nevi is the best single marker of increased melanoma risk. In a previous study, adults with severe eczema were reported to have significantly fewer nevi than adults without eczema.

Observations: In a nested case-control design within a randomized, controlled interventional trial of additional sun protection vs standard care in 269 children, a history of eczema was reported by the parents of 44 (16%) of the children.

Demand outstrips supply of US pediatric dermatologists: results from a national survey.

Background: The US pediatric dermatology workforce was last examined in 1986 when limited employment opportunity was found.

Objective: We sought to re-examine pediatric dermatology workforce issues.

Methods: US dermatology chairpersons and residency program directors were surveyed for: (1) agreement with pediatric dermatology workforce statements; and (2) pediatric dermatology faculty and fellow numbers.

Cutaneous pustular leukemoid reactions in trisomy 21.

We report two neonates with Down syndrome and postnatal leukemoid reactions who developed acute widespread pustular eruptions. The white blood cell (WBC) counts on the first day of life were markedly elevated, with blasts seen on examination of the peripheral blood smear. The skin eruptions progressed and became pustular.

Self-healing juvenile cutaneous mucinosis.

A healthy 14-month-old black girl presented with a 3-week complaint of "knots" on the face and hands. The lesions were acute in onset and asymptomatic. Multiple, firm, nontender, skin-colored to erythematous nodules were noted on the scalp, forehead, axillae, lower legs, abdomen, and hands.