Association between the History of Traumatic Brain Injury and Rates of Dental Treatment, Endodontic Therapy, and Caries Risk: A Records-Based Study.

Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a prevalent health issue in the US and even more prevalent amongst members of the armed forces. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the association between history of TBI and rates of dental treatment performed, endodontic therapy, and high caries risk.

Methods: This was a retrospective medical and dental records study.

Sagittal Balance in Adult Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study Design: A narrative review article study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to highlight guiding principles and challenges faced with addressing sagittal alignment in patients with adult idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and to discuss effective surgical strategies based upon our clinical experience.

Summary Of Background Data: Previous research and guidelines for the treatment of AIS have focused on the correction of spinal deformity in the coronal and axial planes.

Lumbar spinal fusion in the outpatient setting: an update on management, surgical approaches and planning.

Outpatient lumbar spinal fusion surgery has the potential for improved patient satisfaction, speed of recovery, and economic advantages when compared to inpatient surgery. Despite the rise in the number of these procedures performed annually, the literature on this topic remains scarce. As such, there is a need for a comprehensive review of current concepts in indications and management.

Comparison of Stand-alone Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Versus Open Laminectomy and Posterolateral Instrumented Fusion in the Treatment of Adjacent Segment Disease Following Previous Lumbar Fusion Surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent stand-alone lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) to those who underwent posterolateral fusion (PLF) for symptomatic adjacent segment disease (ASD).

Summary Of Background Data: Recent studies have suggested that LLIF can successfully treat ASD; however, there are no studies to date that compare LLIF with the traditional open PLF in this cohort.

Does the use of ultrasound affect contamination of musculoskeletal injections sites?

Background: Therapeutic musculoskeletal injections require a clean or sterile skin preparation to minimize the risk of infections. Ultrasound guidance for this procedure requires the use of transmission gel in proximity to the injection site, and its effect on maintaining sterility is unknown.

Questions/purposes: We asked: (1) Does sterile ultrasound transmission gel increase skin contamination during therapeutic orthopaedic injections? (2) Does nonsterile gel application result in increased contamination? (3) Does a manufacturer-approved ultrasound probe disinfecting agent in the form of 17.

Neuromonitoring changes in pediatric spinal deformity surgery: a single-institution experience.

Object: Intraoperative monitoring of the spinal cord has become the standard of care during surgery for pediatric spinal deformity correction. The use of both somatosensory and motor evoked potentials has dramatically increased the sensitivity and specificity of detecting intraoperative neurophysiological changes to the spinal cord, which assists in the intraoperative decision-making process. The authors report on a large, single-center experience with neuromonitoring changes and outline the surgical management of patients who experience significant neuromonitoring changes during spinal deformity correction surgery.

The routine use of atypical cultures in presumed aseptic revisions is unnecessary.

Background: In presumed aseptic hip and knee revisions, it is common practice to send intraoperative cultures to screen for occult infection. Currently no guidelines exist for the routine use of acid-fast bacillus (AFB) and fungal cultures in this setting.

Questions/purposes: We established (1) the rate of positive fungal and AFB cultures in aseptic hip and knee revision arthroplasties, (2) factors associated with positive fungal and AFB cultures, (3) the likelihood that positive cultures represent true-positive results, and (4) the hospital charges of sending fungal and AFB cultures routinely.

Ingested RNA interference for managing the populations of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

Background: RNA interference (RNAi) is a breakthrough technology for conducting functional genomics studies and also as a potential tool for crop protection against insect pests. The major challenge for efficient pest control using RNAi in the field is the development of efficient and reliable methods for production and delivery of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In this paper, the potential of feeding dsRNA expressed in bacteria or synthesized in vitro to manage populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (CPB), was investigated.

One-pot formation of large macrocycles with modifiable peripheries and internal cavities.

The shape of things to come: Aromatic oligohydrazide macrocycles with planar backbones enforced by three-center hydrogen bonds are formed in high yield from monomeric diacid chlorides and dihydrazides. Macrocycles consisting of six meta-linked pyridine and benzene residues have an internal cavity of about 10 A diameter, while those with alternating meta- and para-linked benzene residues are larger and contain multiple convergent sites (see picture).

Efficient kinetic macrocyclization.

In this article, the highly efficient formation of a series of recently discovered aromatic oligoamide macrocycles consisting of six meta-linked residues is first discussed. The macrocycles, with their backbones rigidified by three-center hydrogen bonds, were found to form in high yields that deviate dramatically from the theoretically allowed value obtained from kinetic simulation of a typical kinetically controlled macrocyclization reaction. The folding of the uncyclized six-residue oligomeric precursors, which belong to a class of backbone-rigidified oligoamides that have been demonstrated by us to adopt well-defined crescent conformations, plays a critical role in the observed high efficiency.

Sequence-specific, dynamic covalent crosslinking in aqueous media.

This article describes an associating system that integrates the specificity of multiple hydrogen bonding and the strength of dynamic covalent interactions. Linear oligoamides that sequence-specifically pair into H-bonded duplexes in nonpolar solvents were modified with S-trityl groups, allowing the reversible formation of disulfide bonds. The disulfide-crosslinking reactions of oligoamides capable of pairing via two, four, and six intermolecular H-bonds, along with several control strands, were examined using ESI, MALDI-TOF, reverse phase HPLC, and two-dimensional NMR.

Improving foldamer synthesis through protecting group induced unfolding of aromatic oligoamides.

The hydrogen bond rigidified backbones of aromatic oligoamides are temporarily interrupted by replacing the amide hydrogens with the acid-labile 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl (DMB) group, which allows the efficient preparation of long folding oligomers that, upon removal of the DMB groups, fold into multiturn helices. [structure: see text]

Sequence-specific association in aqueous media by integrating hydrogen bonding and dynamic covalent interactions.

Oligoamide strands that associate in a sequence-specific fashion into hydrogen-bonded duplexes in nonpolar solvents were converted into disulfide cross-linked duplexes in aqueous media. Thus, by incorporating trityl-protected thiol groups, which allows the reversible formation of disulfide bonds, into the oligoamide strands, only duplexes consisting of complementary hydrogen-bonding sequences were formed in aqueous solution as well as in methanol. The sequence-specific cross-linking of oligoamide strands was confirmed by MALDI-TOF, reverse-phase HPLC, and by isolating a cross-linked duplex.

Synthesis of crescent aromatic oligoamides.

[structures: see text] This article describes the synthetic procedures for the preparation of crescent (and helical) aromatic oligoamides developed in recent years in our laboratory. The large-scale preparation of a variety of monomers derived from various tetrasubstituted benzenes is presented. Three different strategies for constructing various oligomers consisting of meta- and meta/para-linked benzene residues are discussed.