Predicting individual differences in response to sleep loss: application of current techniques.

Background: Fatigue's negative impact on safety represents one of the top threats to military transportation. Biomathematical models have been developed to predict the response to fatigue; however, current models do not take into account stable individual differences in fatigue susceptibility. Readiness Screening Tools (RSTs) can capture individual differences in fatigue response, but cannot predict performance long-term.

Forehead-mounted reflectance oximetry for in-cockpit hypoxia early detection and warning.

Introduction: Effective hypoxia-related mishap prevention relies upon aircrew rapid recognition of hypoxia symptoms. The objectives of this experiment were twofold: to compare the effectiveness of a forehead-mounted reflectance oximeter and finger-mounted pulse oximeter for application in a hypoxia early warning detection system, and to determine whether the forehead-mounted sensor could be placed within an aviation helmet.

Methods: Subjects donned an aviation flight mask and were instrumented with a forehead reflectance oximeter, a finger pulse oximeter, a blood pressure cuff, and a skin temperature sensor.

Self-reported pain in persons with dementia predicts subsequent decreased psychosocial functioning.

Objectives: Pain self-report is the assessment gold standard in cognitively intact populations but has been discouraged in persons with dementia because of significant evidence that pain intensity is often underreported by persons with dementia. However, most community-dwelling persons with dementia are cared for in primary care settings where a more in depth pain assessment is unlikely. Therefore, it is vital to know the clinical predictive value of self-report pain assessment in this population.

Blame attribution as a moderator of perceptions of sexual orientation-based hate crimes.

Blame attribution is a valuable mechanism explaining decision making. However, present literature mainly employs blame attribution as a dependent variable. The shortcoming of this fact is that blame attribution offers a potentially valuable explanatory mechanism for decision making.