Qualitative and quantitative determination of xylazine in oral fluid.

Xylazine has emerged in recent years as a dangerous adulterant in illicit fentanyl use, and methods for the detection of xylazine in toxicology panels are still lagging. We developed methods for the screening and quantitation of xylazine in oral fluid (OF), a popular testing medium due to its ease of collection and reflection of presence in blood for many classes of drugs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were employed for the rapid screening of xylazine directly from the collection device buffer with a cutoff of 1 ng/mL.