Upper extremity soft tissue stiffness measured with shear wave elastography: A between-day reliability study.

Background: Imbalances in soft tissue stiffness (STS) of the pectoralis and common wrist extensors (CWEs) can adversely alter upper extremity function. Shear wave elastography (SWE) has the capacity to provide precise, repeatable, objective data on STS. The purpose of this study was to determine the between-day intrarater reliability for the pectoralis and CWE tendon stiffness as measured by SWE.

Common Wrist-Extensor Tendon and Pectoralis Muscle Stiffness in Healthy Recreational Tennis Players.

Context: Imbalances in upper-extremity soft tissue stiffness may play a role in the development of shoulder and elbow musculoskeletal injuries in tennis players. Ultrasound shear wave elastography provides quantifiable and specific data regarding muscle stiffness. The purpose of this study was to compare tendon and muscle stiffness in healthy tennis players to nontennis players.

Mapping the cultural divides of England and Wales: Did the geographies of 'Belonging' act as a brake on British Urbanisation, 1851-1911?

Although both the analysis of regional culture and urbanisation are long-standing preoccupations in geography, few studies have considered the relationship between the two, the former traditionally being a topic in cultural geography, while the latter is usually interpreted and analysed as a process in economic geography. Taking evidence from the 1851-1911 censuses of England and Wales, this article analyses individual migration paths to identify stable regions of human interaction by applying a sophisticated community-detection algorithm. By accurately mapping the regions within which the majority of migration occurred between 1851 and 1911 and arguing that the stability of these geographies is evidence of more than just mutable communities but rather of persistent regional cultures, this article responds to previous studies that have sought to identify the cultural provinces of England and Wales.

Lateral Elbow Pain and Muscle Function Impairments.

Although often described as a self-limiting condition and likely to resolve on its own, high recurrence rates and extended sick leave frame a need for effective non-surgical treatment for people with lateral elbow tendinopathy. The interrelationship of histological and structural changes to the tendon, the associated impairments in motor control, and potential changes in pain processing may all drive symptoms. This clinical practice guideline covers the epidemiology, functional anatomy and pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical course, prognosis, differential diagnosis, tests and measures, and interventions for managing lateral elbow tendinopathy in the physical therapy clinic.

Relationship of clinical measures with humeral torsion in young adults: a pilot study.

Purpose: Humeral retroversion alters range of motion and has been linked to injury risk. Clinically,palpation of the bicipital groove is used to quantify humeral torsion, but the accuracy of this procedure has not been fully examined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical and diagnostic ultrasound (US) assessment of humeral torsion while considering shoulder position of the participant and clinical expertise of the examiner.

Scapular motion is accelerated in asymptomatic individuals with dyskinesis: An observational study.

Introduction: Individuals with shoulder and upper extremity pathology often present with altered scapular motion. Few studies have looked at variations in scapular acceleration as a way of quantifying scapular motion. The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of wireless accelerometers for detecting changes in acceleration in individuals with scapular dyskinesis.

The Effect of Scapular Muscle Strengthening on Functional Recovery in Patients With Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Context: There is a lack of consensus on the best management approach for lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET). Recently, scapular stabilizer strength impairments have been found in individuals with LET.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of local therapy (LT) treatment to LT treatment plus a scapular muscle-strengthening (LT + SMS) program in patients diagnosed with LET.

ANALYSIS OF RANGE OF MOTION IN FEMALE RECREATIONAL TENNIS PLAYERS WITH AND WITHOUT LATERAL ELBOW TENDINOPATHY.

Background: Intrinsic factors including altered joint motion in the upper extremity may lead to altered biomechanics in tennis players and could result in symptoms of lateral elbow tendinopathy.

Purpose: To compare upper extremity passive motion and elbow carrying angle between three groups of women: recreational tennis players with LET, non-symptomatic recreational tennis players, and a control group of non-tennis players.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Revisiting the Fertility Transition in England and Wales: The Role of Social Class and Migration.

We use individual-level census data for England and Wales for the period 1851-1911 to investigate the interplay between social class and geographical context determining patterns of childbearing during the fertility transition. We also consider the effect of spatial mobility or lifetime migration on individual fertility behavior in the early phases of demographic modernization. Prior research on the fertility transition in England and Wales has demonstrated substantial variation in fertility levels and declines by different social groups; however, these findings were generally reported at a broad geographical level, disguising local variation and complicated by residential segregation along social class and occupational lines.

Grip strength is more sensitive to changes in elbow position than isolated wrist extension strength in patients with lateral elbow tendinopathy.

Study Design: This is an observational study.

Introduction: Because isometric wrist extension minimizes the effects of other muscles, the sensitivity of wrist extension strength testing on patients with lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) should be evaluated.

Purpose Of The Study: The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of the elbow position on wrist extension and grip strength in patients with LET.

A COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION PROGRAM FOR TREATING LATERAL ELBOW TENDINOPATHY.

Unlabelled: Scapular muscle weakness in patients with lateral elbow tendinopathy is an identified impairment and is part of a multimodal rehabilitation approach. The published literature provides little information regarding specific rehabilitation guidelines that address both the proximal scapular muscle weakness and local elbow/wrist dysfunctions common in patients with lateral elbow tendinopathy. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to describe a comprehensive rehabilitation strategy for individuals with lateral elbow tendinopathy.

Review of scoliosis-specific exercise methods used to correct adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) refers to a spinal curvature of an unknown origin diagnosed in otherwise healthy children. A conservative treatment approach includes physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSE) with or without corrective bracing in preventing further spinal column deviation. However, several PSSE types have been developed to facilitate a positive patient outcome and/or preclude surgical remediation.

Mixed methods study: a one-week international service project enhances healthcare competencies.

Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies are widely accepted as a guide to prepare healthcare professionals. Two competency domains, values/ethics and roles and responsibilities, have specific relevance when investigating the effectiveness of a transcultural interprofessional experience. Participants were University of South Alabama students from the Colleges of Allied Health Professions, Medicine, and Nursing, who volunteered for a 7-day service learning experience in Trinidad.

Do joint mobilizations assist in the recovery of lateral elbow tendinopathy? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Introduction: No consensus exists as to which are the most effective methods to treat the symptoms associated with lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET). Research has suggested that joint mobilizations may assist in the recovery of patients with LET.

Meeting the Challenges of Longitudinal Cluster-Based Trials in Schools: Lessons From the Chicago Trial of Positive Action.

We describe challenges in the 6-year longitudinal cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT) of Positive Action (PA), a social-emotional and character development (SECD) program, conducted in 14 low-income, urban Chicago Public Schools. Challenges pertained to logistics of study planning (school recruitment, retention of schools during the trial, consent rates, assessment of student outcomes, and confidentiality), study design (randomization of a small number of schools), fidelity (implementation of PA and control condition activities), and evaluation (restricted range of outcomes, measurement invariance, statistical power, student mobility, and moderators of program effects). Strategies used to address the challenges within each of these areas are discussed.

Home Exercises Versus On-Site Rehabilitation in the Management of Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy: A Critically Appraised Topic.

Clinical Scenario: Lateral elbow tendinopathy (LE) is a common musculoskeletal condition that often results in pain and disability. An array of conservative interventions have been shown to improve patient outcomes in outpatient rehabilitation clinics. However, with the rise in health care costs, patients and rehabilitation specialists have opted to reduce the number of in-house visits and focus on home exercise programs (HEPs).

The role of ADP-ribosylation in regulating DNA interstrand crosslink repair.

ADP-ribosylation by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) has a well-established role in DNA strand break repair by promoting enrichment of repair factors at damage sites through ADP-ribose interaction domains. Here, we exploit the simple eukaryote Dictyostelium to uncover a role for ADP-ribosylation in regulating DNA interstrand crosslink repair and redundancy of this pathway with non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). In silico searches were used to identify a protein that contains a permutated macrodomain (which we call aprataxin/APLF-and-PNKP-like protein; APL).

Effects of the Program on Indicators of Positive Youth Development Among Urban Youth.

This study evaluated effects of , a school-based social-emotional and character development (SECD) intervention, on indicators of positive youth development (PYD) among a sample of low-income, ethnic minority youth attending 14 urban schools. The study used a matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled design at the school level. A multiple-measure self-report protocol assessed four key strengths and resources for PYD: self-concept, peer affiliations, ethics, and social skills.

Effects of a School-Based Social-Emotional and Character Development Program on Health Behaviors: A Matched-Pair, Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

There is considerable research that suggests that school-based social-emotional programs can foster improved mental health and reduce problem behaviors for participating youth; in contrast, much less is known about the impact of these programs on physical health, even though some of these programs also include at least limited direct attention to promoting physical health behaviors. We examined the effects of one such program, Positive Action (PA), on physical health behaviors and body mass index (BMI), and tested for mediation of program effects through a measure of social-emotional and character development (SECD). Participating schools in the matched-pair, cluster-randomized trial were 14 low-performing K-8 Chicago Public Schools.

Scapular muscle performance in individuals with lateral epicondylalgia.

Study Design: Descriptive, laboratory-based, cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To describe scapular musculature strength, endurance, and change in thickness in individuals with unilateral lateral epicondylalgia (LE) compared to the uninvolved limb and the corresponding limb of a matched comparison group.

Background: Reported poor long-term outcomes for the nonsurgical management of individuals with LE suggest a less-than-optimal rehabilitation process.

Outcomes following the conservative management of patients with non-radicular peripheral neuropathic pain.

Study Design: Prospective cohort.

Introduction: There is limited evidence for conservative management of patients with non-radicular peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP).

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of a comprehensive treatment approach on pain and disability in patients with non-radicular PNP and to determine if improvements are maintained following the discontinuation of therapy.

Medical assistant coaching to support diabetes self-care among low-income racial/ethnic minority populations: randomized controlled trial.

Innovative, culturally tailored strategies are needed to extend diabetes education and support efforts in lower-resourced primary care practices serving racial/ethnic minority groups. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) examined the effect of a diabetes self-care coaching intervention delivered by medical assistants and the joint effect of intervention and ethnicity over time. The randomized repeated-measures design included 270 low-income African American and Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes.

Using social-emotional and character development to improve academic outcomes: a matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled trial in low-income, urban schools.

Background: School-based social-emotional and character development (SECD) programs can influence not only SECD but also academic-related outcomes. This study evaluated the impact of one SECD program, Positive Action (PA), on educational outcomes among low-income, urban youth.

Methods: The longitudinal study used a matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled design.

Thickness of the lower trapezius and serratus anterior using ultrasound imaging during a repeated arm lifting task.

The purposes of this study were to establish the reliability for measuring scapular muscle thickness, and to examine how scapular muscle thickness changes with respect to external loads. Participants were asymptomatic subjects recruited from a sample of convenience. Thickness Measures were taken using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) under 11 conditions, rest and 10 progressive loads, for the Lower Trapezius (LT) and Serratus Anterior (SA).