Time-course of cortical networks involved in working memory.

Working memory (WM) is one of the most studied cognitive constructs. Although many neuroimaging studies have identified brain networks involved in WM, the time course of these networks remains unclear. In this paper we use dense-array electroencephalography (dEEG) to capture neural signals during performance of a standard WM task, the n-back task, and a blend of principal components analysis and independent components analysis (PCA/ICA) to statistically identify networks of WM and their time courses.

Reentrant processing in intuitive perception.

The process of perception requires not only the brain's receipt of sensory data but also the meaningful organization of that data in relation to the perceptual experience held in memory. Although it typically results in a conscious percept, the process of perception is not fully conscious. Research on the neural substrates of human visual perception has suggested that regions of limbic cortex, including the medial orbital frontal cortex (mOFC), may contribute to intuitive judgments about perceptual events, such as guessing whether an object might be present in a briefly presented fragmented drawing.

Accessory and great saphenous veins as coronary artery bypass conduits.

Anatomic, histologic and ultrasound studies demonstrate two distinct types of longitudinal veins in the lower extremities. The great saphenous vein is deep to the saphenous fascia. Accessory saphenous veins are superficial to this layer, have thin walls with diminished muscle cells and elastic fibers.

Selection of saphenous vein conduit in varicose vein disease.

Background: Limbs with varicose veins are difficult to assess as a source of saphenous vein conduit. Anatomic, histologic, and ultrasound studies demonstrate two types of longitudinal veins in the lower extremities. The great saphenous vein is deep to the saphenous fascia.

Optimizing saphenous vein site selection using intraoperative venous duplex ultrasound scanning.

Background: Saphenous vein is the most common conduit utilized for coronary artery bypass. However, preoperative noninvasive venous studies to evaluate saphenous vein morphology are not commonly performed due to limited logistical support. A prospective, nonrandomized study was developed to assess the utility of intraoperative saphenous vein duplex ultrasound studies in optimizing saphenous vein site selection.