A Benefit-Risk Conceptual Framework for Biologic Use During Pregnancy: A Mini-Review.

Recent reports related to in utero exposure of marketed immunosuppressive biologics led to clinical recommendations to delay live vaccinations for infants due to the concern of reduced vaccine effectiveness and/or increased risk of vaccine-related disease. These delays can increase the risk of children contracting vaccine preventable diseases, yet the alternative cessation of biologics during pregnancy may result in increased autoimmune disease activity for the pregnant person, raising complex benefit-risk (B-R) considerations and trade-offs. Our goal is to develop a conceptual framework for B-R assessment based on the key benefits and risks pregnant people would consider for themselves and their children when continuing (vs.

Increasing Cefazolin Use for Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Penicillin-Allergic Children.

Background And Objectives: Cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, is the most commonly recommended antibiotic for perioperative prophylaxis to reduce surgical site infections. Children with a reported penicillin allergy often receive an alternative antibiotic because of a common misunderstanding of the cross-reactivity between these antibiotics. This use of alternative antibiotics in surgical populations have been associated with increased infections, antibiotic resistance, and health care costs.

The Role of Eosinophils in Immunotherapy.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to provide a brief discussion on the differential diagnosis for peripheral eosinophilia. We will then focus on targeted immunotherapies for atopic disease, their effects on absolute peripheral eosinophil counts, and use of peripheral eosinophils as a predictor of treatment response.

Recent Findings: In atopic disease, lower absolute peripheral eosinophil counts are typically associated with improved outcomes.

The role of eosinophils in immunotherapy.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to provide a brief discussion on the differential diagnosis for peripheral eosinophilia. We will then focus on targeted immunotherapies for atopic disease, their effects on absolute peripheral eosinophil counts, and use of peripheral eosinophils as a predictor of treatment response.

Recent Findings: In atopic disease, lower absolute peripheral eosinophil counts are typically associated with improved outcomes.

The cost-effectiveness of requiring universal vs contextual self-injectable epinephrine autoinjector for allergen immunotherapy.

Background: Aeroallergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a safe and effective disease-modifying treatment associated with rare therapy-associated fatality. Significant practice variation surrounds universal or contextual prescription of self-injectable epinephrine (SIE) for patients receiving AIT.

Objective: To characterize the cost-effectiveness of a universal vs contextual SIE requirement for patients receiving AIT.

Eosinophilic esophagitis during sublingual and oral allergen immunotherapy.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this review is to discuss the current evidence regarding the development of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in individuals undergoing oral and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for both food and environmental allergens. Cumulative incidence of EoE in patients on allergen immunotherapy for peanut, milk, and egg is estimated.

Recent Findings: De novo development of EoE in patients undergoing oral and SLIT has been demonstrated on the scale of case reports and prospective randomized trials.