Accuracy of deep neural learning models in the imaging prediction of pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review.

Purpose: Up to 15-27% of patients achieve pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Deep neural learning (DL) algorithms have been suggested to be a useful adjunct to allow accurate prediction of pCR and to identify patients who could potentially avoid surgery. This systematic review aims to interrogate the accuracy of DL algorithms at predicting pCR.

Impact of neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy followed by cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for appendiceal adenocarcinoma.

Aim: Peritoneal dissemination of infiltrative appendiceal tumors is a rare and poorly understood phenomenon. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a well-recognized treatment option for selected patients. Neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (NAC) has been shown to be associated with improved overall survival (OS) in colorectal peritoneal metastases but little is known of the impact of this from an appendiceal adenocarcinoma perspective.

Predictive Factors for Anastomotic Leak in Colorectal Surgery: A Bi-National Database Study.

IntroductionAnastomotic leak (AL) is a serious complication following colorectal surgery. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the development of AL and analyze its impact on survival.Materials and MethodsAll consecutive adult colorectal cancer resections with curative intent and anastomosis formation were included from a prospectively maintained bi-national database between 2007 and 2020.

Robotic pelvic side-wall lymph node dissection for rectal cancer: a systematic review of videos and application of the IDEAL 2A framework.

Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND) in rectal cancer has gained increasing traction worldwide. Robotic LPLND is an emerging technique. Utilising the IDEAL (idea, development, exploration, assessment and long-term follow-up) framework for surgical innovation, robotic LPLND is currently at the IDEAL 2A stage (development) mainly limited to case reports, case series and videos.

The management of clinically suspicious para-aortic lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer: A systematic review.

Approximately 1%-2% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop para-aortic lymph node (PALN) metastases, which are typically considered markers of systemic disease, and are associated with a poor prognosis. The utility of PALN dissection (PALND) in patients with CRC is of ongoing debate and only small-scale retrospective studies have been published on this topic to date. This systematic review aimed to determine the utility of resecting PALN metastases with the primary outcome measure being the difference in survival outcomes following either surgical resection or non-resection of these metastases.

The utility of ctDNA in colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases.

Background: The development of peritoneal metastases (PM) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) connotates a poor prognosis. Circulating tumour (ctDNA) is a promising tumour biomarker in the management CRC. This systematic review aimed to summarize the role of ctDNA in patients with CRC and PM.

Metabolic and magnetic resonance imaging: complementary modalities for the preoperative assessment of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer.

Background: The management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes for rectal cancer is a topical and controversial issue. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between lateral pelvic lymph node features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) with oncological outcomes in patients with rectal cancer.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 284 patients with primary locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy and surgical resection with curative intent between January 2003 and Dec 2018 was undertaken.

Application of minimally invasive approaches to pelvic exenteration for locally advanced and locally recurrent pelvic malignancy - A narrative review of outcomes in an evolving field.

Introduction: Minimally invasive surgical techniques are being successfully used to treat locally advanced and recurrent pelvic malignancy of colorectal origin. This review aims to describe the application of minimally invasive approaches to pelvic exenteration and compare current reported surgical outcomes.

Methods And Results: A literature search was performed of PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE for studies on pelvic exenteration with locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer utilising minimally invasive techniques.

Exercise and colorectal cancer survival: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The benefit of exercise to colorectal cancer patients has been advocated. However, comparative data to quantify the survival benefit is lacking. The aim of this review was to assess the effect of exercise on colorectal cancer survival.

The complication profile of low Hartmann's in rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Non-restorative options for low rectal cancer not invading the sphincter includes low Hartmann's procedure (LH) and inter-sphincteric abdominoperineal resection (ISAPR). There is currently little comparative data to differentiate these options.

Objectives: The aim of this review was to assess the peri-operative morbidity of LH, and then to compare it to that of ISAPR.

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal peritoneal metastases in an elderly population: outcomes from a single centre.

Background: The prevalence of elderly patients with resectable colorectal peritoneal metastases (CRPM) is increasing. This study aimed to compare short and long-term outcomes of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for CRPM in patients above and below 70 years of age.

Methods: This was a retrospective, 10-year analysis of 90-day major morbidity and mortality, and long-term survival.

Robotic colon surgery in obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Colon cancer resection can be technically difficult in the obese (OB) population. Robotic surgery is a promising technique but its benefits remain uncertain in OB patients. The aim of this study is to compare OB versus non-obese (NOB) patients undergoing robotic colon surgery, as well as OB patients undergoing robotic versus open or laparoscopic colonic surgery.

Melbourne colorectal collaboration: a multicentre review of the impact of COVID-19 on colorectal cancer in Melbourne, Australia.

Background: As coronavirus (COVID-19) cases continue to rise, healthcare workers have been working overtime to ensure that all patients receive care in a timely manner. Our study aims to identify the impact and outcomes of COVID-19 on colorectal cancers presentations across the five major colorectal units in Melbourne, Australia.

Methods: This is a retrospective study from a prospectively collected database from the binational colorectal cancer audit (BCCA) registry, as well as inpatient records.

Diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography in the staging of pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Background: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare clinical entity, commonly derived from a mucin-producing tumour of the appendix. International consensus is unclear on the role of positron emission tomography (PET) in preoperative staging. This study aimed to assess the ability of preoperative PET in predicting the histological grade of PMP.

Latest evidence on the management of early-stage and locally advanced rectal cancer: a narrative review.

Rectal cancer is a challenging disease process to manage, with a rising incidence in young adults. Several clinical advances have been made in the past decade with regards to optimal treatment strategies in early-stage (T1-2, node negative tumours) and locally advanced cancers (T3-4 and/or nodal positivity) utilizing a multimodal approach of surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy, all aiming to optimize oncological outcomes, while minimizing associated morbidity. This narrative review aimed to summarize trial level evidence apropos the management of early and locally advanced rectal cancer.

Molecular and genomic characterisation of a panel of human anal cancer cell lines.

Anal cancer is a rare disease that has doubled in incidence over the last four decades. Current treatment and survival of patients with this disease has not changed substantially over this period of time, due, in part, to a paucity of preclinical models to assess new therapeutic options. To address this hiatus, we set-out to establish, validate and characterise a panel of human anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) cell lines by employing an explant technique using fresh human ASCC tumour tissue.