Pharmacokinetic comparison of six anthelmintics in sheep, goats, and cattle.

This study was initiated to determine whether a comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) approach could be used to expand the pool of approved anthelmintics for minor ruminant species. Accordingly, the PK profiles of six anthelmintics (levamisole, albendazole, fenbendazole, moxidectin, doramectin, and ivermectin) in sheep, goats, and cattle were determined. The PK values determined for each anthelmintic included T , T , C , AUC, AUC/dose, and C /dose.

Effects of intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide on cytochrome P450 isoforms and hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in swine.

Objective: To investigate effects of bacteria-mediated inflammation on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in swine via a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge technique.

Animals: 22 Poland China-Landrace crossbred barrows.

Procedures: In experiment 1, 10 market-weight swine were treated with LPS (20 microg/kg, IV [n = 5 swine]) or sham-injected (5) 24 hours before slaughter.

Effect of oral administration of low doses of pentobarbital on the induction of cytochrome P450 isoforms and cytochrome P450-mediated reactions in immature Beagles.

Objective: To determine the effect of oral administration of low doses of pentobarbital on cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms and CYP-mediated reactions in immature Beagles.

Animals: 42 immature (12-week-old) Beagles.

Procedure: Dogs were grouped and treated orally as follows for 8 weeks: low-dose pentobarbital (50 microg/d; 4 males, 4 females), mid-dose pentobarbital (150 microg/d; 4 males, 4 females), high-dose pentobarbital (500 microg/d; 4 males, 4 females), positive-pentobarbital control (10 mg/kg/d; 2 males, 2 females), positive-phenobarbital control (10 mg/kg/d; 2 males, 2 females), and negative control (saline 10.