Osteoporosis: An Update on Screening, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment.

Osteoporosis screening, diagnosis, and treatment have gained much attention in the health care community over the past 2 decades. During this time, creation of multispecialty awareness programs (eg, "Own the Bone," American Orthopedic Association; "Capture the Fracture," International Osteoporosis Foundation) and improvements in diagnostic protocols have been evident. Significant advances in technology have elucidated elements of genetic predisposition for decreased bone mineral density in the aging population.

The Hip-Spine Challenge.

➤: The proper diagnosis and treatment of patients with concurrent hip and spine pathological processes can be challenging because of the substantial overlap in symptomatology.

➤: There is no consensus on which pathological condition should be addressed first.

➤: Factors such as advanced spinal degeneration, deformity, and prior fusion alter the biomechanics of the spinopelvic unit.