Smell Changes and Efficacy of Nasal Theophylline (SCENT) irrigation: A randomized controlled trial for treatment of post-viral olfactory dysfunction.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal theophylline saline irrigation on olfactory recovery in patients with post-viral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD).

Methods: Between May 2019 and April 2020, we conducted a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of adults with 6-36 months of PVOD. Patients were randomized to nasal theophylline saline irrigation or placebo saline irrigation twice a day for 6 weeks.

Hazardous sound outputs of white noise devices intended for infants.

Objectives: To measure the sound intensity of popular infant white noise machines and Apple iPhone applications (apps) as they vary with volume setting and distance, and compare these output levels with current National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) noise exposure threshold recommendations.

Methods: A total of eight infant white noise machines and six iPhone applications were included in the study based on product rating, number of ratings, and cost. The NIOSH Sound Level Meter application through the Apple App Store was used to measure output levels in A-weighted decibels (dBA).

Association of Olfactory Training With Neural Connectivity in Adults With Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction.

Importance: Viral upper respiratory tract infections are a major cause of olfactory loss. Olfactory training (OT) is a promising intervention for smell restoration; however, a mechanistic understanding of the changes in neural plasticity induced by OT is absent.

Objective: To evaluate functional brain connectivity in adults with postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) before and after OT using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Diagnostic dilemmas of mechanical restriction of the medial rectus: A case report.

Background: Due to the proximity of the maxillary sinus and ethmoid sinuses to the orbit, inflammatory processes that originate in the sinonasal region have the potential to extend into the orbit.

Objective: We presented a case of ptosis and restrictive strabismus of the medial rectus muscle.

Methods: A case report with a literature review of possible diagnoses.

Penetrating Ocular Trauma from a Bean Bag Gun: A Case Report and Review of Less-Lethal Force and Their Consequences.

Although bean bag guns are considered a "less-lethal" form of law enforcement, these blunt projectiles have risk. The purpose of this study was to perform a literature review of morbidity and mortality associated with less-lethal munitions and present a case report of a bean bag injury leading to a traumatic globe evisceration and skull base fracture. Patients presenting with bean bag gun associated injuries warrant a high clinical suspicion for injury to deeper structures.

Autoimmune-related nasal septum perforation: A case report and systematic review.

Background: Inflammatory injury of nasal respiratory mucosa is a common feature of multisystem autoimmune disease. Certain autoimmune disorders are associated with nasal septum perforation (NSP). We performed a systematic review of the literature to better understand the association of NSP with specific autoimmune disorders.

Avascular necrosis after oral corticosteroids in otolaryngology: Case report and review of the literature.

Objective: In this report, we present a rare case of avascular necrosis (AVN) in an otherwise healthy 42-year-old male patient treated with low dose oral corticosteroids for his bronchitis. A systematic review of the literature related to AVN and corticosteroids was performed.

Case Report: Forty-two-year-old male with no underlying conditions predisposing him to AVN who had been treated four years before for chronic bronchitis with two courses of oral prednisone therapy presented with bilateral AVN of the hips.

Update on endoscopic endonasal resection of skull base meningiomas.

Background: The objective of this work was to report success rates as well as potential obstacles in transnasal endoscopic resection of anterior skull base meningiomas.

Methods: The study design was a case series with chart review at tertiary referral centers in South Australia and New Zealand. The patients were 37 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic resection of skull-base meningiomas between 2004 and 2013.

Nasopharyngeal acid reflux and Eustachian tube dysfunction in adults.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nasopharyngeal pH and Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) in adults.

Study Design: Unmatched case-control study.

Methods: Forty-one subjects, 20 adults with a diagnosis of ETD and 21 healthy adults as controls, were enrolled from an outpatient clinic.

Intracranial mucocele formation in the context of longstanding chronic rhinosinusitis: A clinicopathologic series and literature review.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can lead to serious long-term adverse sequelae, particularly if left untreated. The aim of this study was to describe a series of intracranial mucoceles (ICMs) that arose in the context of longstanding CRS combined with a review of the pertinent literature. A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients who developed ICMs in association with CRS between 2003 and 2012.

Use of the Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap for repair of recurrent cerebrospinal fluid leak after prior transsphenoidal surgery.

The Hadad-Bassagasteguy vascularized nasoseptal pedicled flap (HBF) is an effective technique for reconstruction of skull base defects with low incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Advanced planning is required as posterior septectomy during transsphenoidal surgery can preclude its use due to destruction of the vascular pedicle. We present four cases in which the HBF was successfully used to repair recurrent CSF leaks despite prior posterior septectomy and transsphenoidal surgery.

Inferior turbinate hypertrophy: review and graduated approach to surgical management.

Background: Surgical techniques for managing inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) vary widely and have evolved substantially in the past four decades as new technologies have emerged.

Methods: Literature review.

Results: Inferior turbinate (IT) procedures can be categorized as: simple turbinate outfracture; turbinoplasty techniques such as extramucosal destruction, and submucosal tissue removal; and extramural turbinate resection (partial or complete).

Sinonasal respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas: series of 51 cases and literature review.

Background: Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (REAHs) are rare, benign glandular proliferations of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. This study aimed to expand our understanding of this entity by presenting a series of REAHs combined with a review of the pertinent literature.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on all patients with a diagnosis of REAH from 2002 to 2011.

Accuracy of tinnitus pitch matching using a web-based protocol.

Objectives: We investigated the accuracy of a web-based protocol for tinnitus frequency matching compared to that of tinnitus pitch matching performed by an audiologist using an audiometer in an anechoic chamber.

Methods: Twenty subjects underwent tinnitus frequency-matching in a random order using an audiometer in an anechoic chamber and using web-based software with a multiple-choice protocol in octave or half-octave steps from 250 Hz to 12,000 Hz and a slider in 25-Hz steps from 20 to 20,000 Hz. Octave challenge testing was performed.

Detecting nasopharyngeal reflux: a novel pH probe technique.

Objectives: We sought to ascertain the normal pH values in the aerosolized environment of the nasopharynx in healthy subjects and utilize a novel pH probe that allows measuring acidity in a nonliquid environment.

Methods: Between November 2009 and February 2011, healthy volunteers without a history of reflux or eustachian tube dysfunction were enrolled in the prospective study. A total of 20 subjects had a Dx-pH Measurement System Probe (Respiratory Technology Corp) placed near the torus tubarius.

Craniocervical necrotizing fasciitis resulting from dentoalveolar infection.

Craniocervical necrotizing fasciitis is a rare infectious process that can be life-threatening. It most commonly occurs as a result of a severe dentoalveolar infection. This article reviews the diagnosis, microbiology, anatomy, and pathophysiology behind this infectious process; the incidence; and the recommended treatments and therapies.

Head and neck manifestations and quality of life of patients with ectodermal dysplasia.

Objectives: Ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) are a group of genetic disorders characterized by deficient ectodermal and mesodermal development. Studies examining resultant otolaryngologic issues are few. The objectives of this study were to delineate the head and neck manifestations and quality of life in EDs.

Rhinologic manifestations of ectodermal dysplasia.

Background: The Ectodermal Dysplasias (ED) are a group of uncommon genetic disorders characterized by deficient development of tissues derived from ectoderm and mesoderm. Abnormalities of the respiratory epithelium prevent normal mucociliary function. We explored the prevalence and severity of sinonasal features in affected individuals.

Impact of duty hour restrictions on otolaryngology training: divergent resident and faculty perspectives.

Objectives: In 2003, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) passed a controversial mandate limiting resident work hours. We sought to examine the impact of these restrictions on otolaryngology programs and to explore faculty and resident perspectives.

Methods: Faculty and residents of all 102 ACGME-accredited otolaryngology residency programs were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey.