Auricular Hematomas in a High-Volume Trauma Population: A Retrospective Review.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Objective: Auricular hematomas are generally associated with sports-related injuries, with studies predominantly in white populations and high neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) compared to our county. A previous population-based study of trauma patients in our county, Shelby County, Tennessee, shows that those who live in high vs low NSES experienced socioeconomic variation in injury.

Remote chirality transfer in low-dimensional hybrid metal halide semiconductors.

In hybrid metal halide perovskites, chiroptical properties typically arise from structural symmetry breaking by incorporating a chiral A-site organic cation within the structure, which may limit the compositional space. Here we demonstrate highly efficient remote chirality transfer where chirality is imposed on an otherwise achiral hybrid metal halide semiconductor by a proximal chiral molecule that is not interspersed as part of the structure yet leads to large circular dichroism dissymmetry factors (g) of up to 10. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the transfer of stereochemical information from the chiral proximal molecule to the inorganic framework is mediated by selective interaction with divalent metal cations.

Wetting characterisation on complex surfaces by an automatic open-source tool: DropenVideo.

Hypothesis: Investigating solid-liquid interactions to determine advancing and receding contact angles, and consequently contact angle hysteresis, is crucial for understanding material wetting properties. A reliable, automated, and possibly open-source tool is desirable, to standardize and automatize the measurement and make it user-independent.

Experiments: This study introduces an open-source software, DropenVideo, as an extension of Dropen.

Double Perovskite Interlayer Stabilized Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Metal halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology has an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 26.1% and demonstrates cost-effective manufacturing. However, the stability of these PSCs poses a significant challenge, hindering their widespread manufacturing and commercialization.

Sustainability pathways for perovskite photovoltaics.

Solar energy is the fastest-growing source of electricity generation globally. As deployment increases, photovoltaic (PV) panels need to be produced sustainably. Therefore, the resource utilization rate and the rate at which those resources become available in the environment must be in equilibrium while maintaining the well-being of people and nature.

Peritonsillar Abscess Outcomes with and Without Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is a common deep space head and neck infection, which can be diagnosed with or without computed tomography (CT). CT poses a risk for false positives, leading to unnecessary abscess drainage attempts without benefit, whereas needle or open aspiration without imaging could potentially lead to missed abscess in need of treatment. This study considered the utility and impact of obtaining CT scans in patients with suspected PTA by comparing outcomes between CT and non-CT usage.

Room-temperature spin injection across a chiral perovskite/III-V interface.

Spin accumulation in semiconductor structures at room temperature and without magnetic fields is key to enable a broader range of optoelectronic functionality. Current efforts are limited owing to inherent inefficiencies associated with spin injection across semiconductor interfaces. Here we demonstrate spin injection across chiral halide perovskite/III-V interfaces achieving spin accumulation in a standard semiconductor III-V (AlGa)InP multiple quantum well light-emitting diode.

Understanding and Controlling Electrostatic Discharge in Triboelectric Nanogenerators.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely used to harness various forms of mechanical energy for conversion to electrical energy. However, the contentious challenge in characterising TENGs is the lack of standard protocols for assessing mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion processes. Herein, macroscopic signal analysis is used to identify three key charging events within triboelectric signals: charge induction (CI), contact electrification (CE), and electrostatic discharge (ESD).

A Systematic Review of Cochlear Implant-Related Magnetic Resonance Imaging Artifact: Implications for Clinical Imaging.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the existing literature with the aim of evaluating and consolidating the present understanding of strategies for mitigating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts related to cochlear implants in adult and pediatric patients, covering both in-vivo and ex-vivo investigations.

Data Sources: A systematic review of MEDLINE-Ovid, Embase, Google Scholar, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus was performed from inception through April 2022. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO before commencement of data collection (CRD CRD42022319651).

Stratification and film ripping induced by structural forces in granular micellar thin films.

Hypothesis: Interactions across incredibly thin layers of fluids, known as thin films, underpin many important processes involving colloids, such as wetting-dewetting phenomena. Often in these systems, thin films are composed of complex fluids that contain dispersed components, such as spherical micelles, giving rise to oscillatory structural forces due to preferential layering under confinement. Modelling of thin film dynamics involving Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) type forces has been widely reported using the Stokes-Reynolds-Young-Laplace (SRYL) model, and we hypothesize that this theory can be extended to a concentrated micellar system by including an oscillatory structural force term in the disjoining pressure.

The weekly cycle of photosynthesis in Europe reveals the negative impact of particulate pollution on ecosystem productivity.

Aerosols can affect photosynthesis through radiative perturbations such as scattering and absorbing solar radiation. This biophysical impact has been widely studied using field measurements, but the sign and magnitude at continental scales remain uncertain. Solar-induced fluorescence (SIF), emitted by chlorophyll, strongly correlates with photosynthesis.

Nucleation Rate of N and O in Cryogenic H and He.

The homogeneous nucleation of N and O in cryogenic H and He is investigated by using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The nucleation kinetics of N and O clusters, including nucleation rate, critical cluster size, and cluster energy, are elucidated in H and He carrier gas at thermalization temperatures of 30-80 K and initial gas densities of 5.65 × 10-2 × 10 m.

Simultaneous Enhancement of Efficiency and Operational-Stability of Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells via Interfacial Toughening.

The combined effects of compact TiO (c-TiO ) electron-transport layer (ETL) are investigated without and with mesoscopic TiO (m-TiO ) on top, and without and with an iodine-terminated silane self-assembled monolayer (SAM), on the mechanical behavior, opto-electronic properties, photovoltaic (PV) performance, and operational-stability of solar cells based on metal-halide perovskites (MHPs). The interfacial toughness increases almost threefold in going from c-TiO without SAM to m-TiO with SAM. This is attributed to the synergistic effect of the m-TiO /MHP nanocomposite at the interface and the enhanced adhesion afforded by the iodine-terminated silane SAM.

Structural complexity biases vegetation greenness measures.

Vegetation 'greenness' characterized by spectral vegetation indices (VIs) is an integrative measure of vegetation leaf abundance, biochemical properties and pigment composition. Surprisingly, satellite observations reveal that several major VIs over the US Corn Belt are higher than those over the Amazon rainforest, despite the forests having a greater leaf area. This contradicting pattern underscores the pressing need to understand the underlying drivers and their impacts to prevent misinterpretations.

Towards linking lab and field lifetimes of perovskite solar cells.

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a promising low-cost thin-film photovoltaic technology, with unprecedented power conversion efficiencies obtained for both single-junction and tandem applications. To push PSCs towards commercialization, it is critical, albeit challenging, to understand device reliability under real-world outdoor conditions where multiple stress factors (for example, light, heat and humidity) coexist, generating complicated degradation behaviours. To quickly guide PSC development, it is necessary to identify accelerated indoor testing protocols that can correlate specific stressors with observed degradation modes in fielded devices.

The Role of SnO Processing on Ionic Distribution in Double-Cation-Double Halide Perovskites.

Moving toward a future of efficient, accessible, and less carbon-reliant energy devices has been at the forefront of energy research innovations for the past 30 years. Metal-halide perovskite (MHP) thin films have gained significant attention due to their flexibility of device applications and tunable capabilities for improving power conversion efficiency. Serving as a gateway to optimize device performance, consideration must be given to chemical synthesis processing techniques.

Origins of Photoluminescence Instabilities at Halide Perovskite/Organic Hole Transport Layer Interfaces.

Metal halide perovskites are promising for optoelectronic device applications; however, their poor stability under solar illumination remains a primary concern. While the intrinsic photostability of isolated neat perovskite samples has been widely discussed, it is important to explore how charge transport layers─employed in most devices─impact photostability. Herein, we study the effect of organic hole transport layers (HTLs) on light-induced halide segregation and photoluminescence (PL) quenching at perovskite/organic HTL interfaces.

Electrochemical Doping of Halide Perovskites by Noble Metal Interstitial Cations.

Metal halide perovskites are an attractive class of semiconductors, but it has proven difficult to control their electronic doping by conventional strategies due to screening and compensation by mobile ions or ionic defects. Noble-metal interstitials represent an under-studied class of extrinsic defects that plausibly influence many perovskite-based devices. In this work, doping of metal halide perovskites is studied by electrochemically formed Au interstitial ions, combining experimental data on devices with a computational analysis of Au interstitial defects based on density functional theory (DFT).

Carbon Electrode with Sputtered Au Coating for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a low-cost and high-efficiency solar technology. However, most of the highly efficient PSCs need a noble electrode, such as Au, through thermal evaporation. It is reported that a sputtered Au electrode on a PSC could damage the organic hole transport layer (HTL) and the perovskite layer.

National assessment of lymph node status indicators & predictors in pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas in the US.

Objectives: Assessing the prognostic utility of lymph node status in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) patients and identifying demographic and clinical predictors of positive lymph node status among pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma patients.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of head and neck RMS in patients with and without positive lymph node metastasis.

Methods: National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for patients of young (0-11 years) and adolescent (12-21 years) ages with head and neck RMS and confirmed positive or negative lymph node metastasis status.

Intermediate-phase engineering via dimethylammonium cation additive for stable perovskite solar cells.

Achieving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells is arguably the most important challenge required to enable widespread commercialization. Understanding the perovskite crystallization process and its direct impact on device stability is critical to achieving this goal. The commonly employed dimethyl-formamide/dimethyl-sulfoxide solvent preparation method results in a poor crystal quality and microstructure of the polycrystalline perovskite films.

David (Dave) Charles Fork (1929-2020): a gentle human being, a great experimenter, and a passionate researcher.

We provide here an overview of the remarkable life and outstanding research of David (Dave) Charles Fork (March 4, 1929-December 13, 2021) in oxygenic photosynthesis. In the words of the late Jack Edgar Myers, he was a top 'photosynthetiker'. His research dealt with novel findings on light absorption, excitation energy distribution, and redistribution among the two photosystems, electron transfer, and their relation to dynamic membrane change as affected by environmental changes, especially temperature.