Cost Effectiveness of Pharmacogenetic Testing for Drugs with Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guidelines: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the evidence on cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenetic (PGx)-guided treatment for drugs with Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines. A systematic review was conducted using multiple biomedical literature databases from inception to June 2021. Full articles comparing PGx-guided with nonguided treatment were included for data extraction.

The reflection of a blast wave by a very intense explosion.

We demonstrate that the geometric similarity of Taylor's blast wave persists beyond reflection from an ideal surface. Upon impacting the surface, the spherical symmetry of the blast wave is lost but its cylindrical symmetry endures. As the flow acquires dependence on a second spatial dimension, an analytic solution of the Euler equations becomes elusive.

Antimicrobial properties of diethylamine NONOate, a nitric oxide donor, against Escherichia coli: a pilot study.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, highlights the increasing need for new and effective antiviral and antimicrobial agents. The FDA has recently banned several active ingredients used in hand sanitizers, including triclosan and benzethonium chloride. Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the innate immune response and is a major component of macrophage-mediated attack on foreign viruses and bacteria.

Nitric Oxide Inhibits NF-κB-mediated Survival Signaling: Possible Role in Overcoming TRAIL Resistance.

Background/aim: Chemoresistance is a major consequence of multicycle chemotherapy and can be attributed to constitutive activation of pro-survival signaling pathways. Nitric oxide is a ubiquitous signaling molecule which has been shown to inhibit several pathways involved with survival signaling in cancer cells. We have previously demonstrated the anti-tumor activity of a nitric oxide-donor, nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl), mediated by increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) and its receptors in human tumors.

GIScience and cancer: State of the art and trends for cancer surveillance and epidemiology.

Maps are well recognized as an effective means of presenting and communicating health data, such as cancer incidence and mortality rates. These data can be linked to geographic features like counties or census tracts and their associated attributes for mapping and analysis. Such visualization and analysis provide insights regarding the geographic distribution of cancer and can be important for advancing effective cancer prevention and control programs.

Utilization and Outcomes of BRCA Genetic Testing and Counseling in a National Commercially Insured Population: The ABOUT Study.

Importance: BRCA genetic testing has substantial public health impact, yet little is known of the real-world experiences of the more than 100 000 Americans undergoing testing annually.

Objective: To identify factors associated with use of BRCA testing, assess whether delivery of genetic counseling and testing services adheres to professional guidelines, and measure the impact on patient-reported outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The American BRCA Outcomes and Utilization of Testing (ABOUT) Study analyzed data from a consecutive national series of 11 159 women whose clinicians ordered BRCA testing between December 2011 and December 2012.

Immunohistochemical quantification of the cobalamin transport protein, cell surface receptor and Ki-67 in naturally occurring canine and feline malignant tumors and in adjacent normal tissues.

Cancer cells have an obligate need for cobalamin (vitamin B12) to enable DNA synthesis necessary for cellular replication. This study quantified the immunohistochemical expression of the cobalamin transport protein (transcobalamin II; TCII), cell surface receptor (transcobalamin II-R; TCII-R) and proliferation protein (Ki-67) in naturally occurring canine and feline malignant tumors, and compared these results to expression in corresponding adjacent normal tissues. All malignant tumor tissues stained positively for TCII, TCII-R and Ki-67 proteins; expression varied both within and between tumor types.

American BRCA Outcomes and Utilization of Testing (ABOUT) study: a pragmatic research model that incorporates personalized medicine/patient-centered outcomes in a real world setting.

Research to date regarding identification and management of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) in the U.S. has been confined primarily to academic center-based studies with limited patient engagement.

A Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl), a Novel Vitamin B Analog.

Nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl), a novel vitamin B analog and anti-tumor agent, functions as a biologic 'Trojan horse', utilizing the vitamin B transcobalamin II transport protein and cell surface receptor to specifically target cancer cells. a stability-indicating HPLC method was developed for the detection of NO-Cbl during forced degradation studies. This method utilized an ascentis RP-amide (150 mm × 4.

Understanding the effect of breast augmentation on quality of life: prospective analysis using the BREAST-Q.

Background: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate patient satisfaction and quality of life with elective breast augmentation.

Methods: Patients with bilateral submuscular breast augmentations prospectively completed the BREAST-Q preoperatively and 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively; t tests compared preoperative and postoperative scores at 6 weeks and 6 months, and standard indicators of effect sizes were calculated. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between patient and surgical factors on satisfaction outcomes.

Immunohistochemical quantification of the vitamin B12 transport protein (TCII), cell surface receptor (TCII-R) and Ki-67 in human tumor xenografts.

Background/aim: Cancer cells have an essential demand for vitamin B12 (cobalamin) to enable cellular replication. The present pilot study quantified the immunohistochemical expression of vitamin B12 transport protein (Transcobalamin II; TCII), cell surface receptor (Transcobalamin II-R; TCII-R) and proliferation protein (Ki-67) in human tumor xenografts.

Materials And Methods: Tissue microarray slides containing 34 xenograft tumor tissues were immunohistochemically stained using TCN2 (anti-TCII), CD320 (anti-TCII-R) and MIB-1 (anti-Ki-67) antibodies.

Serum folate: a pharmacodynamic biomarker of intracellular nitrosylcobalamin activity following intravenous administration in dogs.

Background/aim: Cobalamin and folate are interdependent co-factors of the methionine synthase pathway. This study evaluated the effect of intravenously-administered nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl), a vitamin B12 analog, on serum folate concentrations in healthy dogs.

Materials And Methods: Four dogs received a 10-mg/kg, 20-mg/kg and 40-mg/kg intravenous bolus dose of NO-Cbl, with a 14-day washout period between doses.

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous nitrosylcobalamin, an antitumor agent, in healthy Beagle dogs: a pilot study.

Background/aim: Nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl) is a cobalamin-based anti-tumor agent. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic parameters of NO-Cbl following intravenous administration in dogs.

Materials And Methods: Four dogs received 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg intravenous bolus doses of NO-Cbl, with a 14-day washout period between doses.

Manage your online reputation--or someone else will.

In the Internet age, managing one's online "reputation" is a challenging but important task for board-certified plastic surgeons. In this article, the authors discuss the options for ensuring that your Internet presence accurately reflects the quality of your practice.

A monolithically-integrated μGC chemical sensor system.

Gas chromatography (GC) is used for organic and inorganic gas detection with a range of applications including screening for chemical warfare agents (CWA), breath analysis for diagnostics or law enforcement purposes, and air pollutants/indoor air quality monitoring of homes and commercial buildings. A field-portable, light weight, low power, rapid response, micro-gas chromatography (μGC) system is essential for such applications. We describe the design, fabrication and packaging of μGC on monolithically-integrated Si dies, comprised of a preconcentrator (PC), μGC column, detector and coatings for each of these components.

Outcomes of a cancer clinical trial matching service.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) and Coalition of Cancer Cooperative Groups (CCCG) provide a clinical trial (CT) information/matching/eligibility service (Clinical Trials Matching Service [CTMS]). Patients' demographic and clinical data, enrollment status, and self-reported barriers to CT participation were analyzed to assess enrollment rates and determinants of enrollment. During 3 years beginning October 1, 2007, the CTMS served 6,903 patients via the ACS call center.

Using the internet to understand smokers' treatment preferences: informing strategies to increase demand.

Background: Most smokers attempt to quit on their own even though cessation aids can substantially increase their chances of success. Millions of smokers seek cessation advice on the Internet, so using it to promote cessation products and services is one strategy for increasing demand for treatments. Little is known, however, about what cessation aids these smokers would find most appealing or what predicts their preferences (eg, age, level of dependence, or timing of quit date).

Patient-reported outcome measures suitable to assessment of patient navigation.

Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are measures completed by patients to capture outcomes that are meaningful and valued by patients. To help standardize PRO measures in patient navigation research and program evaluation, the Patient-Reported Outcomes Working Group (PROWG) was convened as part of the American Cancer Society's National Patient Navigator Leadership Summit.

Methods: The PROWG consisted of clinicians, researchers, and program managers from a variety of perspectives who developed a set of recommended PRO measures across the cancer continuum (ie, screening, diagnostic follow-up, treatment, survivorship, end of life) as well as those useful for assessing family caregivers.

Social support in smoking cessation: reconciling theory and evidence.

Introduction: The majority of smokers attempt to quit smoking on their own, but in any given year, only 5% or less are successful. To improve cessation rates, tapping social networks for social support during quitting has been recommended or tested in some interventions. Prior reviews of this research, however, have concluded that there is little to no evidence that partner support interventions are effective.

Anti-tumor effects of nitrosylcobalamin against spontaneous tumors in dogs.

Purpose: Given the limited options available to treat canine cancers, the use of companion animals for evaluating new drugs may identify better therapies for veterinary and human oncology. The anti-tumor effects of nitrosylcobalamin (NO-Cbl), an apoptosis-inducing, vitamin B12-based carrier of nitric oxide (NO), was evaluated in four dogs with spontaneous cancer.

Experimental Design: (1) A 13 year-old female spayed Giant Schnauzer with inoperable thyroid carcinoma and hypercalcemia.

Can undoped calcium tetraborides exist? An answer from the comparison of its density functional theory electronic structure with that of rare-earth metal tetraboride.

Periodic density functional theory calculations are used to discuss the existence of metal tetraborides MB4 with divalent metals. Tetraborides which contain metal atoms inserted in a three-dimensional boron network made of B6 octahedra and B2 dumbbells exhibit a pseudo energy gap for a count of 60 valence electrons per M4(B6)2(B2)2 formula unit. Such a count satisfies the stability electron requirement for B6(2-) (20 electrons) octahedra and B2(2-) (8 electrons) units and allows the filling of two supplementary low-lying bands deriving from the valence metallic d atomic orbitals.

Dosimetric and anatomic indicators of late rectal toxicity after high-dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

We seek to identify dosimetric and anatomic indicators of late rectal toxicity in prostate cancer patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Data from 49 patients sampled from 698 patients treated for clinically localized prostate cancer at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center with IMRT to a dose of 81 Gy were analyzed. The end point of the study was late Grade 2 or worse rectal toxicity within 30 months of treatment.