Dynamic changes in copper homeostasis and post-transcriptional regulation of Atp7a during myogenic differentiation.

Copper (Cu) is an essential metal required for activity of a number of redox active enzymes that participate in critical cellular pathways such as metabolism and cell signaling. Because it is also a toxic metal, Cu must be tightly controlled by a series of transporters and chaperone proteins that regulate Cu homeostasis. The critical nature of Cu is highlighted by the fact that mutations in Cu homeostasis genes cause pathologic conditions such as Menkes and Wilson diseases.

GV1001 Induces Apoptosis by Reducing Angiogenesis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells Both In Vitro and In Vivo.

Objective: To investigate the anticancer effects of GV1001 and its biological mechanism of action in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: The effects of GV1001 on cell survival and apoptosis in RCC cells were examined in vitro using cell viability assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. To evaluate the effect of GV1001 on migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, we used wound healing, invasion, endothelial cell tube formation assay, and western blot analysis.