Intraosseous access in the resuscitation of trauma patients: a literature review.

Purpose: Intraosseous (IO) catheters continue to be recommended in trauma resuscitation. Their utility has recently been debated due to concerns regarding inadequate flow rates during blood transfusion, and the potential for haemolysis. The objective of this review was to examine the evidence for intraosseous catheters in trauma resuscitation, and to highlight areas for future research.

Survey of Ranavirus and in Introduced Frogs in Hawaii, USA.

Ranaviruses and the fungus are globally important agents of emerging infectious amphibian diseases. Amphibians on Oahu, the Hawaiian Island with the greatest potential for disease introduction through the movement of goods and people, have never been surveyed for ranaviruses or . We surveyed all five species of frogs on Oahu, Hawaii, US for these pathogens.