The Evolution of Unicoronal Synostosis Correction: Long-Term Aesthetic Outcomes of Fronto-Orbital Distraction Versus Traditional Advancement.

Introduction: This study compares the long-term aesthetic outcomes of patients with unicoronal synostosis (UCS) who underwent fronto-orbital distraction osteogenesis (FODO) versus traditional fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling (FOAR).

Methods: Patients treated for nonsyndromic UCS from 2009 to 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Perioperative and complication characteristics were compared between all patients who underwent FOAR, open FODO, and endoscopic-assisted FODO ("endo-FODO").

Radiographic Evidence of Dental Complications after Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis: Inverted-L versus Oblique Osteotomy.

Background: Patients with micrognathia undergoing mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) for functional and aesthetic improvement are at significant risk for dental complications. The authors investigated the association of 2 osteotomy patterns-oblique and inverted-L-with risk to developing dentition.

Methods: A senior orthodontist (H.

Bilateral Buccal Flap Revision Palatoplasty to Correct Velopharyngeal Dysfunction: Perceptual Speech, Acoustic, and Aerodynamic Outcomes.

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze perceptual, acoustic, and aerodynamic changes in speech and velopharyngeal function after bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) in patients with repaired cleft palate.

Methods: Ten consecutive patients ages 4 to 18 years with velopharyngeal dysfunction treated with BBFRP by a single surgeon were evaluated. Using a visual analog scale, nine blinded speech-language pathologists independently rated hypernasality, hyponasality, audible nasal emission, and speech acceptability.

Pediatric Maxillary Giant Cell Tumors: Surgical Management by Transoral and Endoscopic Transnasal Enucleation and Curettage.

Giant cell tumors are uncommonly found within the craniofacial skeleton, and of those within the head and neck, are exceedingly rare in the maxilla. Here the authors present 2 cases of large, maxillary giant cell tumors: one presenting with mass-effect symptoms and another presenting from incidental findings on routine orthodontic care. Both patients were treated surgically with transoral and endoscopic transnasal excision and demonstrated favorable surgical results.

Craniosynostosis in a patient with Fanconi-Bickel syndrome: a case report.

Objectives: Craniosynostosis may be a rare but severe complication of Fanconi-Bickel syndrome (FBS). Both conditions can be associated with feeding intolerance in young children. Prompt recognition and correction of increased intracranial pressure may lead to improved dietary tolerance in FBS patients and decrease morbidity.

Case Report: Safety and Efficacy of Denosumab in Four Children With Noonan Syndrome With Multiple Giant Cell Lesions of the Jaw.

Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway. Multiple giant cell lesions are a rare sequelae of disruptions in this pathway, termed Noonan-like multiple giant cell lesions (NL/MGCLs). Medical management of these tumors rather than surgical intervention is preferential as the lesions are benign but locally destructive and recurring.

Elucidating the Proton Transport Pathways in Liquid Imidazole with First-Principles Molecular Dynamics.

Imidazole is a promising anhydrous proton conductor with a high conductivity comparable to that of water at a similar temperature relative to its melting point. Previous theoretical studies of the mechanism of proton transport in imidazole have relied either on empirical models or on trajectories that have been too short to draw significant conclusions. Here, we present the results of multiple time-step molecular dynamics simulations of an excess proton in liquid imidazole reaching 1 ns in total simulation time.

Resolving Heterogeneous Dynamics of Excess Protons in Aqueous Solution with Rate Theory.

Rate theories have found great utility across the chemical sciences by providing a physically transparent way to analyze dynamical processes. Here we demonstrate the benefits of using transition state theory and Marcus theory to study the rate of proton transfer in HCl solutions. By using long molecular dynamics simulations, we show that good agreement is obtained between these two different formulations of rate theory and how they can be used to study the pathways and lifetime of proton transfer in aqueous solution.

Optical spectra in the condensed phase: Capturing anharmonic and vibronic features using dynamic and static approaches.

Simulating optical spectra in the condensed phase remains a challenge for theory due to the need to capture spectral signatures arising from anharmonicity and dynamical effects, such as vibronic progressions and asymmetry. As such, numerous simulation methods have been developed that invoke different approximations and vary in their ability to capture different physical regimes. Here, we use several models of chromophores in the condensed phase and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to rigorously assess the applicability of methods to simulate optical absorption spectra.

Tracking Aqueous Proton Transfer by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy and ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Proton transfer in water is ubiquitous and a critical elementary event that, via proton hopping between water molecules, enables protons to diffuse much faster than other ions. The problem of the anomalous nature of proton transport in water was first identified by Grotthuss over 200 years ago. In spite of a vast amount of modern research effort, there are still many unanswered questions about proton transport in water.

Unraveling electronic absorption spectra using nuclear quantum effects: Photoactive yellow protein and green fluorescent protein chromophores in water.

Many physical phenomena must be accounted for to accurately model solution-phase optical spectral line shapes, from the sampling of chromophore-solvent configurations to the electronic-vibrational transitions leading to vibronic fine structure. Here we thoroughly explore the role of nuclear quantum effects, direct and indirect solvent effects, and vibronic effects in the computation of the optical spectrum of the aqueously solvated anionic chromophores of green fluorescent protein and photoactive yellow protein. By analyzing the chromophore and solvent configurations, the distributions of vertical excitation energies, the absorption spectra computed within the ensemble approach, and the absorption spectra computed within the ensemble plus zero-temperature Franck-Condon approach, we show how solvent, nuclear quantum effects, and vibronic transitions alter the optical absorption spectra.

Decoding the spectroscopic features and time scales of aqueous proton defects.

Acid solutions exhibit a variety of complex structural and dynamical features arising from the presence of multiple interacting reactive proton defects and counterions. However, disentangling the transient structural motifs of proton defects in the water hydrogen bond network and the mechanisms for their interconversion remains a formidable challenge. Here, we use simulations treating the quantum nature of both the electrons and nuclei to show how the experimentally observed spectroscopic features and relaxation time scales can be elucidated using a physically transparent coordinate that encodes the overall asymmetry of the solvation environment of the proton defect.

Nephroblastomatosis or Wilms tumor in a fourth patient with a somatic PIK3CA mutation.

Wilms tumor and nephroblastomatosis are associated with syndromic conditions including hemihyperplasia. Hemihyperplasia is genetically heterogeneous and may be the result of genomic abnormalities seen in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, mosaic chromosome or genomic abnormalities, or somatic point mutations. Somatic missense mutations affecting the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway result in segmental overgrowth and are present in numerous benign and malignant tumors.

Facial dysmorphology and odontogenic tumor development associated with inborn errors of metabolism: a case report.

Purpose: Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are genetic disorders that alter normal physiologic functioning. Deficiency of 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase is one such IEM that can lead to major episodes of metabolic dysfunction. Certain IEMs are associated with characteristic congenital dysmorphic facial features.

Topical amphotericin B in combination with standard therapy for severe necrotizing skin and soft-tissue mucormycosis in an infant with bilineal leukemia: case report and review.

During chemotherapy for bilineal leukemia, a 6-month-old infant presented with a necrotizing skin and soft-tissue infection of the chest wall due to Rhizopus sp. Successful outcome was achieved by systemically administered liposomal amphotericin B and local wound control with the novel administration of topical deoxycholate amphotericin B and surgical resection.

A study of speech, language, hearing, and dentition in children with cleft lip only.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of speech, language, hearing, and dental problems in children with an initial diagnosis of isolated cleft lip only (CL), for which evidence-based practice can be developed.

Design: Retrospective chart review of 95 patients with cleft lip (age range, 2.8 to 3.