Simultaneous Circumferential Body Lift and Four-Flap Breast Reconstruction Using Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator and Lumbar Artery Perforator Flaps.

The ideal autologous breast reconstruction provides a long-lasting and aesthetically pleasing result. The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap remains the gold standard for breast reconstruction; however, in a subset of patients, this flap may not provide adequate soft tissue to achieve the patient's aesthetic goals. The lumbar artery perforator flap has emerged as a useful adjunct to the DIEP flap for four-flap breast reconstruction, and also provides the patient with circumferential body contouring.

Risk of Pneumothorax With Internal Mammary Vessel Utilization in Autologous Breast Reconstruction.

Background: Complications associated with autologous breast reconstruction are well reported in the literature. Regardless of the type of free flap harvested, the anastomosis is most commonly performed to the recipient internal mammary vessels. Although pneumothorax is a known possible complication of breast surgery, incidence of pneumothorax in breast reconstruction involving the use of the internal mammary vessels is rarely discussed.

Neoumbilicus after Selective Excision in Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction.

The umbilicus offers no functional importance to the adult human but remains a key aesthetic landmark of the anterior abdominal wall, and its absence can be a cause for concern in aesthetic and reconstructive patients. Umbilical reconstruction or transposition for abdominoplasty and abdominally based flap operations is frequently complicated by umbilical death, infections, development of wounds needing prolonged wound care, and generally poor aesthetic outcomes. A multitude of techniques have been described to create the "ideal" neoumbilicus, but none has proven to be superior to the technique that comes before it.

Anatomical Dissection of the Dorsal Nerve of the Clitoris.

Background: The clitoris is the primary somatosensory organ of female sexual response. Knowledge of its neural anatomy and related landmarks is essential for safe genital surgery.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the distal course of the dorsal nerves of the clitoris and associated structures.