SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Coverage and Factors Associated with Low Uptake in a Cohort of People Living with HIV.

People living with HIV (PLWH) are prioritised for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination due to their vulnerability to severe COVID-19. Therefore, the epidemiological surveillance of vaccination coverage and the timely identification of suboptimally vaccinated PLWH is vital. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 vaccination coverage and factors associated with under-vaccination among PLWH in Catalonia, Spain.

Impact of Mass Workplace COVID-19 Rapid Testing on Health and Healthcare Resource Savings.

: The epidemiological situation generated by COVID-19 has cast into sharp relief the delicate balance between public health priorities and the economy, with businesses obliged to toe the line between employee health and continued production. In an effort to detect as many cases as possible, isolate contacts, cut transmission chains, and limit the spread of the virus in the workplace, mass testing strategies have been implemented in both public health and industrial contexts to minimize the risk of disruption in activity. : To evaluate the economic impact of the mass workplace testing strategy as carried out by a large automotive company in Catalonia in terms of health and healthcare resource savings.

Effectiveness of boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine in patients with long-lasting HIV-1 infection: DARIL study.

Background: The combination of boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine, once daily, could be a convenient, effective and well-tolerated two-drug regimen to achieve HIV suppression in HIV-infected patients.

Methods: Multicentre, retrospective cohort study in nine hospitals in Spain. All HIV-infected subjects starting boosted darunavir plus rilpivirine were included, irrespective of their viral load (VL).

Prediction of higher cost of antiretroviral therapy (ART) according to clinical complexity. A validated clinical index.

Background: The financing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is generally determined by the cost incurred in the previous year, the number of patients on treatment, and the evidence-based recommendations, but not the clinical characteristics of the population.

Objective: To establish a score relating the cost of ART and patient clinical complexity in order to understand the costing differences between hospitals in the region that could be explained by the clinical complexity of their population.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients receiving ART in a tertiary hospital between 2009 and 2011.

The efficacy and safety of maraviroc addition to a stable antiretroviral regimen in subjects with suppressed plasma HIV-RNA is not influenced by age.

There are few data about the immunovirological efficacy, safety/tolerability, and durability of maraviroc (MVC) addition to aging patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (cART) and undetectable viral load (<50 copies/ml). The aging population is underrepresented in most HIV clinical trials. This study included 80 patients aged ≥50 years and 161 aged <50 years and showed that after 48 weeks of treatment, there was no between-group differences in the median increase of CD4(+) T cells or the virological suppression rate.

Executive summary of the GESIDA/National AIDS Plan Consensus Document on antiretroviral therapy in adults infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (updated January 2015).

In this update, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all patients infected by type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). The strength and grade of the recommendation vary depending on the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, the presence of opportunistic infections or comorbid conditions, age, and the efforts to prevent the transmission of HIV. The objective of ART is to achieve an undetectable plasma viral load (PVL).

Use of maraviroc in patients with undetectable viral load: efficacy, tolerance and predictors of viral response in MARAVIROC-cohort study.

Introduction: No controlled clinical trials had studied the role of maraviroc (MRV) in fully suppressed patients (1).

Materials And Methods: MRV-cohort is an observational, retrospective, multicentric (27 sites) large cohort study of patients starting MRV in clinical practice under different circumstances, with at least 48 weeks of follow-up. For the present analysis we selected all those patients starting with an HIV-RNA<50 copies/mL.

Prevalence of ischemic heart disease and management of coronary risk in daily clinical practice: results from a Mediterranean cohort of HIV-infected patients.

Background: There are conflicting data on the prevalence of coronary events and the quality of the management of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in HIV-infected patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive study to determine the prevalence of coronary events and to evaluate the management of CVRF in a Mediterranean cohort of 3760 HIV-1-infected patients from April 1983 through June 2011.

Results: We identified 81 patients with a history of a coronary event (prevalence 2.

LDL subclasses and lipoprotein-phospholipase A2 activity in suppressed HIV-infected patients switching to raltegravir: Spiral substudy.

Objective: To analyze the effect of switching the ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) in a stable combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimen to raltegravir on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2).

Design: Substudy of a multicenter randomized trial that compared the efficacy of switching a PI/r to raltegravir-based cART in stable HIV-infected patients.

Methods: LDL size and phenotype (by gel-gradient electrophoresis), Lp-PLA2 (by 2-thio-PAF [Cayman]), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) (by ELISA), and standard lipid parameters were measured at baseline and week 48.

Clinical, virological and biochemical evidence supporting the association of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase polymorphism R284K and thymidine analogue resistance mutations M41L, L210W and T215Y in patients failing tenofovir/emtricitabine therapy.

Background: Thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) selected under treatment with nucleoside analogues generate two distinct genotypic profiles in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT): (i) TAM1: M41L, L210W and T215Y, and (ii) TAM2: D67N, K70R and K219E/Q, and sometimes T215F. Secondary mutations, including thumb subdomain polymorphisms (e.g.

Genotypic determination of HIV tropism - clinical and methodological recommendations to guide the therapeutic use of CCR5 antagonists.

The approval of maraviroc (Selzentri®), the first CCR5 antagonist, with specific antiviral activity against CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV variants, has promoted the determination of HIV coreceptor usage in the clinical setting. The phenotypic assay Trofile™, which is based on recombinant virus technology, has been the most widely used diagnostic test, given that it was the only assay which provided tropism information in the pivotal maraviroc clinical trials. However, this method displays logistical and technical limitations that make it far from convenient as a diagnostic test in clinical practice.

Effect of nevirapine on the steady-state trough concentrations of atazanavir in HIV-infected patients receiving atazanavir/ritonavir.

Material And Methods: To evaluate the influence of nevirapine on atazanavir trough concentrations (Ctrough) in a group of HIV-infected patients, we performed an open-label pilot study enrolling patients receiving 300/100 mg atazanavir/ritonavir once daily for 2 weeks or longer. Nevirapine was added at a dose of 200 mg once daily from Days 0 to 14 and 200 mg twice daily from Days 14 to 28. Atazanavir and nevirapine plasma Ctroughs were determined at Days 0 and 28.

Unboosted atazanavir plus co-formulated lamivudine/abacavir as a ritonavir-sparing simplification strategy in routine clinical practice.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of antiretroviral therapy with unboosted atazanavir (400 mg once daily) plus co-formulated abacavir/lamivudine as a treatment simplification strategy in HIV-infected patients with sustained viral suppression in routine clinical practice.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study including patients who were switched to unboosted atazanavir plus abacavir/lamivudine and whose HIV-1 RNA was <50 copies/mL. The primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects who maintained viral suppression after 48 weeks of follow-up.

Saquinavir exposure in HIV-infected patients with chronic viral hepatitis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus co-infection and the extent of liver fibrosis on saquinavir and ritonavir pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected subjects without liver function impairment.

Methods: A cross-sectional, comparative study enrolling HIV-infected adults receiving saquinavir/ritonavir 1000/100 mg twice daily or 1500/100 mg once daily was conducted. Patients with chronic viral hepatitis (HEP+) were grouped as having advanced liver fibrosis (HEP+/FIB+) or not (HEP+/FIB-) based on the FIB-4 index.

Darunavir inhibitory quotient predicts the 48-week virological response to darunavir-based salvage therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected protease inhibitor-experienced patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the virological response to darunavir-based salvage antiretroviral therapy and the darunavir genotypic and virtual inhibitory quotients (gIQ and vIQ, respectively). Thirty-seven HIV-infected patients failing protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimens who started salvage therapy containing darunavir-ritonavir were prospectively studied. The primary outcome of the study was a viral load (VL) of <50 copies/ml at week 48.

Antiretroviral therapy interruption guided by CD4 cell counts and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in chronically HIV-1-infected patients.

Objective: We evaluated the safety of CD4 cell count and plasma HIV-1 RNA (pVL)-guided treatment interruptions (GTI) and determined predictors of duration of treatment interruption.

Methods: Chronically HIV-1-infected adults with sustained CD4 cell counts > 500 cells/microl and pVL < 50 copies/ml were randomly assigned to either continue with standard antiretroviral therapy (control group, n = 101) or to interrupt therapy aimed at maintaining CD4 cell counts > 350 cells/microl and pVL < 100,000 copies/ml (GTI group, n = 100). Both groups were followed for 2 years.

Genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns at virological failure in a simplification trial with nevirapine, efavirenz or abacavir.

Background: The NEFA Study was a randomized study comparing nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV) or abacavir (ABC) as substitutes for protease inhibitors in a large group of HIV-1-infected patients successfully treated with antiretroviral regimens containing protease inhibitors.

Objective: To evaluate genotype and phenotype resistance patterns among patients who have experienced virological failure under one of the three study arms.

Methods: Patients with virological failure, defined as two consecutive determinations of HIV-1 RNA > 200 copies/ml, were analysed for phenotypic susceptibility and HIV-1 mutations.

A randomized clinical trial comparing nelfinavir or nevirapine associated to zidovudine/lamivudine in HIV-infected naive patients (the Combine Study).

Background: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing regimens may be a valid alternative to protease inhibitor-containing regimens for initial antiretroviral therapy, but to date few studies comparing these two strategies have been performed.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nelfinavir or nevirapine associated to zidovudine/lamivudine in HIV-infected naive patients.

Design: Randomized, open-label, multicentre trial.