Background: Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III is involved in several processes that increase triglyceride levels, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Four of its proteoforms have been the focus of several studies and have shown differential associations with cardiovascular risk biomarkers, mostly lipids. However, there are other proteoforms of apoC-III that have not yet been investigated in detail.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGrowth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-response cytokine related to a wide variety of metabolic diseases. However, the impact of GDF15-specific genetic variants on the abovementioned conditions is poorly known. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of selected GDF15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on metabolic disturbances and subclinical atherosclerosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Obesity is a complex, diverse and multifactorial disease that has become a major public health concern in the last decades. The current classification systems relies on anthropometric measurements, such as BMI, that are unable to capture the physiopathological diversity of this disease. The aim of this study was to redefine the classification of obesity based on the different H-NMR metabolomics profiles found in individuals with obesity to better assess the risk of future development of cardiometabolic disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: We scrutinized variations in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) lipoprotein and glycoprotein profiles among hospitalized individuals with infectious diseases.
Methods: We obtained sera from 124 patients with COVID-19, 50 patients with catheter-related bacterial infections, and 50 healthy volunteers. Results were interpreted using machine learning.
Background: The diabetogenic effect of statins has been well established by clinical trials, Mendelian randomisation studies and meta-analyses. According to large clinical trials, PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) have no deleterious impact on glucose metabolism. However, few real-life studies have yet evaluated the long-term effects of these drugs on glucose homeostasis and their impact on new-onset diabetes (NODM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Investig Arterioscler
November 2023
Background And Aims: We aimed to assess the associations of exposure to air pollutants and standard and advanced lipoprotein measures, in a nationwide sample representative of the adult population of Spain.
Methods: We included 4647 adults (>18 years), participants in the national, cross-sectional, population-based di@bet.es study, conducted in 2008-2010.
Clin Investig Arterioscler
November 2023
Minimally invasive prognostic markers of inflammation and dyslipidemia in individuals with a risk of psychosis, also called "at-risk mental state" (ARMS), or in the first episode of psychosis (FEP) are of utmost clinical importance to prevent cardiovascular disorders. We analyzed the plasma concentration of inflammation-linked glycoproteins (Glycs) and lipoprotein subclasses by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) in a single acquisition. Study participants were healthy controls (HCs, N = 67) and patients with ARMS ( = 58), FEP ( = 110), or early psychosis diagnosis with ≥2 episodes (critical period (CP), = 53).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: The aim of this study was to combine nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics and machine learning to find a glucose-independent molecular signature associated with future type 2 diabetes mellitus development in a subgroup of individuals from the Di@bet.es study.
Methods: The study group included 145 individuals developing type 2 diabetes mellitus during the 8-year follow-up, 145 individuals matched by age, sex and BMI who did not develop diabetes during the follow-up but had equal glucose concentrations to those who did and 145 controls matched by age and sex.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) share metabolic alterations such as abnormal insulin and lipid metabolism and have some common genetic factors such as genotype. Taking this into account, we hypothesized that we could identify common genetic factors involved in the development of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Methodology: We first genotyped 48 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with AD in a cohort composed of 330 patients with cognitive impairment (CI) to assess their association with plasma lipids.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the accumulation of cholesterol in the intima. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (iPCSK9) can reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 60%, but there is still no evidence that they can lower markers of systemic inflammation such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Acute-phase serum glycoproteins are upregulated in the liver during systemic inflammation, and their role as inflammatory biomarkers is under clinical evaluation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Muscle is an essential organ for glucose metabolism and can be influenced by metabolic disorders and physical activity. Elevated muscle carnosine levels have been associated with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors. Little is known about muscle carnosine in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and how it is influenced by physical activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is caused by the accumulation of LDL particles in the intima, causing the activation of immune cells and triggering an inflammatory response. LPS is a potent activator of the innate immune response and it can be transported by lipoproteins. Since humans are much more sensitive to LPS than other mammals, and very low amounts of LPS can elicit an immune response, the aim of this study is to characterize the distribution of LPS and its immunogenic portion (3OHFAs) among lipoprotein types of healthy men.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAging is a major risk factor for metabolic impairment that may lead to age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Different mechanisms that may explain the interplay between aging and lipoproteins, and between aging and low-molecular-weight metabolites (LMWMs), in the metabolic dysregulation associated with age-related diseases have been described separately. Here, we statistically evaluated the possible mediation effects of LMWMs on the relationships between chronological age and lipoprotein concentrations in healthy men ranging from 19 to 75 years of age.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Chylomicronemias are generally diagnosed genetically by genomic sequencing or screening for mutations in causal genes with a large phenotypic effect. This strategy has allowed to improve the characterization of these patients, but we still have 30% of the patients without a conclusive genetic diagnosis. This is why we hypothesize that by adding the epigenetic component we can improve the genetic diagnosis, and for this we have explored the degree of methylation in the DNA of hypertriglyceridemic patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The prevalence of CVD is much higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who may benefit from lifestyle changes, which include adapted diets. In this review, we provide the role of different groups of nutrients in patients with T2DM and CVD, as well as dietary approaches that have been associated with better and worse outcomes in those patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction And Objectives: Advanced lipoprotein phenotyping is a better predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk than cholesterol concentration alone. Lipoprotein profiling in heart failure (HF) is incompletely characterized. We aimed to describe the lipoprotein profile in patients with chronic HF compared with a matched control population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlycosylation of ApoC-III modulates its function in TG metabolism, with some variants being associated with a more atherogenic lipid profile. These associations have been studied in whole plasma but rarely in individual lipoprotein fractions. In this study, we aimed to measure the relative content of ApoC-III glycoforms in each lipoprotein fraction as a potential biomarker for TG metabolism and cardiovascular risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis document is an update to the clinical practice recommendations for the management of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in diabetes mellitus. The consensus has been developed by a multidisciplinary team made up of members of the Cardiovascular Risk Group of the Spanish Diabetes Society (SED). The work is a necessary update as, since the last review three years ago, there have been many clinical trials that have studied the cardiovascular outcomes of numerous drugs in the diabetic population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study focused on a comprehensive analysis of the canonical activation pathway of the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, addressing c-Rel, p65 and p50 activation in 28 women at early (T1) and late follicular (T2) and mid (T3) and late luteal (T4) phase of the menstrual cycle, and possible relations with fasting plasma lipids and fatty acids. For the first time, strong inverse relations of c-Rel with apolipoprotein B were observed across the cycle, while those with LDL cholesterol, triglycerides as well as saturated (SFA), particularly C14-C22 SFA, monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) clustered at T2. In contrast, p65 was positively related to LDL cholesterol and total n-6 PUFA, while p50 did not show any relations.
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