Immunohistochemical markers as predictors of prognosis in multifocal prostate cancer.

The impact of tumor focality on prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis has been addressed in several studies with conflicting results. Tumor foci from multifocal (MF) PCa can show highly heterogeneous molecular features. Our aim was to analyze the protein expression of PTEN, SPOP, SLC45A3, ETV1, ERG and the "triple hit" (ERG overexpression, PTEN plus SLC45A3 loss) in unifocal (UF) and MF PCa, to evaluate their value as prognostic markers according to focality, and the role of tumor heterogeneity in MF disease.

SPOP and CHD1 alterations in prostate cancer: Relationship with PTEN loss, tumor grade, perineural infiltration, and PSA recurrence.

Background: In the non-ETS fusion of prostate cancer (PCa) pathway, SPOP mutations emerge as a distinct oncogenic driver subclass. Both SPOP downregulation and mutation can lead to SPOP target stabilization promoting dysregulation of key regulatory pathways. CHD1 gene is commonly deleted in PCa.

SARS-CoV-2 identified by transmission electron microscopy in lymphoproliferative and ischaemic intestinal lesions of COVID-19 patients with acute abdominal pain: two case reports.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 may produce intestinal symptoms that are generally mild, with a small percentage of patients developing more severe symptoms. The involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in the physiopathology of bowel damage is poorly known. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a useful tool that provides an understanding of SARS-CoV-2 invasiveness, replication and dissemination in body cells but information outside the respiratory tract is very limited.

Snail1 expression in endothelial cells controls growth, angiogenesis and differentiation of breast tumors.

Snail1 is a transcriptional factor required for epithelial to mesenchymal transition and activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Apart from that, tumor endothelial cells also express Snail1. Here, we have unraveled the role of Snail1 in this tissue in a tumorigenic context.

Genomic Predictors of Good Outcome, Recurrence, or Progression in High-Grade T1 Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

High-grade T1 (HGT1) bladder cancer is the highest risk subtype of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with unpredictable outcome and poorly understood risk factors. Here, we examined the association of somatic mutation profiles with nonrecurrent disease (GO, good outcome), recurrence (R), or progression (PD) in a cohort of HGT1 patients. Exome sequencing was performed on 62 HGT1 and 15 matched normal tissue samples.

Complementary value of electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer: A potential role for electron microscopy in the era of targeted therapy.

With the identification of therapeutic targets for lung adenocarcinoma, it has become mandatory to distinguish it from other entities. Some cases remain classified as non-small cell lung carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NSCLC-NOS) with immunohistochemistry. Electron microscopy (EM) can be useful, allowing the identification of glandular differentiation.

Immunohistochemical expression of mismatch repair proteins (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2) in prostate cancer: correlation with grade groups (WHO 2016) and ERG and PTEN status.

The role of DNA MMR genes in prostate cancer (PrCa) is controversial, as genetic alterations leading to microsatellite instability are incompletely defined in these tumors. ERG rearrangements and PTEN loss are concomitant events in PrCa. The aim of this study has been to analyze the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2, ERG, and PTEN and their potential association with the grade group (GG) grading system (WHO 2016) and PSA recurrence in a series of 200 PrCa (PSMAR-Biobank, Barcelona, Spain).

SPOP and FOXA1 mutations are associated with PSA recurrence in ERG wt tumors, and SPOP downregulation with ERG-rearranged prostate cancer.

Background: ERG fusion-related prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most prevalent oncogenic driver subclass. SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH1 mutations are other three main oncogenic driver subclasses in non-ETS-fusion PrCa. ERG protein levels seem to be increased in SPOP-mutated cases, and different studies reported that SPOP mutations and ERG fusions are mutually exclusive.

Strong cytoplasmic ETV1 expression has a negative impact on prostate cancer outcome.

Overexpression of ETS genes is involved in prostate cancer (PrCa), but there is little information on the non-ERG components of this family. We have investigated ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5 overexpression, with or without PTEN loss, and their association with grade group (GG), pathological stage, focality, and PSA recurrence in PrCa. ETS gene expression was analyzed by qPCR in 104 cases.

ERG overexpression plus SLC45A3 (prostein) and PTEN expression loss: Strong association of the triple hit phenotype with an aggressive pathway of prostate cancer progression.

and rearrangements may coexist in the same tumor. rearrangements and loss are concomitant events in prostate cancer (PrCa), and can cooperate in progression. We have reported that mRNA expression of and rearrangements plus loss define an aggressive tumor subset.

Sebaceous Differentiation in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx and Adjacent Pharynx: Case Report with Review and Discussion of the Literature.

Among the variants of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck arising in mucosal surfaces, examples with sebaceous differentiation are exceedingly rare. We present a new case of SCC with sebaceous differentiation, developing in the larynx of a 64 year-old male, cigarette smoker and alcohol drinker. The tumor extended transglottically, metastasized to cervical lymph nodes, and killed the patient after 12 months.

Cell and tissue interactions of Treponema pallidum in primary and secondary syphilitic skin lesions: an ultrastructural study of serial sections.

There are limited reports on the ultrastructure of syphilis skin lesions. The aim of this study has been to perform an electron microscopic investigation of the morphology and the tissue distribution of treponemes in primary and secondary cutaneous lesions. Three cases of primary syphilitic chancre and one case of secondary syphilis were included.

[Biochemical-histo-morphometric findings of the residual prostate (II): long-term PSA behavior after retropubic adenomectomy for BPH. Relationship with prostate volume, histology and its implications in the diagnosis of subsequent adenocarcinoma].

Summary Objectives: To evaluate the changes experienced by the amount of PSA in patients diagnosed with BPH undergoing retropubic adenomectomy (with vesico-capsule plasty) in the short and long term, and the relationships between weight and /or prostate volume calculated preoperatively, volumes and histology of the surgical tissue and residual tissue remaining immediate and on the long term.

Methods: A consecutive series of 70 cases of BPH surgery and followed up beyond 5 years with preoperative PSA and transrectal ultrasound, histology of the piece, postoperative transrectal ultrasound, PSA annually until the fifth year and ultrasound. Within this group, residual prostate histology was obtained in 30 patients between 12 and 36 months after adenomectomy.

[Histomorphometric findings in the residual prostate and prostatic hollow after retropubic surgery for BPH: (I) baseline data obtained from the last 70 consecutive cases].

Objectives: To present the data obtained from surgical specimens and biopsies of residual prostate and prostatic capsule, which in addition to the information provided by imaging tests give us the baseline situation of the prostatic surgical bed and residual prostate after transcervical hemostatic adenomectomy with capsule plasty. All this is the first step for the long-term study of its evolution and possible implications in the genesis of new obstructive or neoplastic pathology.

Methods: 70 consecutive cases of transcervical hemostatic adenomectomy with the variation of capsule plasty, recently developed, after a previous experience of 1033 retropubic surgeries.

Vulvar angiomyxoma, aggressive angiomyxoma, and angiomyofibroblastoma: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

To investigate the histogenetical unifying theory of a single, pluripotential primitive cell for vulvar angiomyxoma, aggresive angiomyxoma, and angiomyofibroblastoma, an optical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of a superficial angiomyxoma, aggressive angiomyxoma, and angiomyofibroblastoma was performed. These three tumors showed immunohistochemical and ultrastructural overlapping features. The results of the study suggest that these three tumor entities probably arise on a common pluripotential primitive cell located around the vessels of connective tissue, which could show the capacity for modulating its penotype toward similar but distinct mature cell types.

Extrathoracic mesothelial proliferations and their mimics.

Mesothelial proliferations, either reactive or neoplastic in nature, often pose difficult diagnostic dilemmas. Electron microscopy continues to be a gold standard in the identification of mesothelial differentiation. However, it is very common to apply long panels of antibodies for that purpose.

CD20-negative T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma as a progression of a nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with rituximab: a molecular analysis using laser capture microdissection.

Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. It has shown efficacy in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and also in CD20-positive Hodgkin lymphoma. Recently, CD20-negative tumors have been described after Rituximab therapy.

[Report of two cases of bladder and prostate oat cell tumors].

Objectives: To report two cases of bladder and prostate oat cell tumors with bad outcome, in accordance to the bibliographic review.

Methods: The case in the bladder was associated with squamous differentiation and adenocarcinoma. Radical treatment followed by adjuvant chemotherapy did not stop the fatal outcome which ended 13 months later in acute septicemia having developed multiple metastases.

The current role of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of epithelial and epithelioid tumors.

Electron microscopy may be applied to the study of epithelial or epithelial-like tumors with benefits similar to those encountered when it is applied to other diseases. Thus, it may complement and allow us to understand the light microscopic appearance of tumors, help in tailoring or reducing the number of antibodies, or lead to diagnosis in cases with paradoxical or nonspecific immunocytochemical results. An important, newly suggested application is to use it as a quality assurance tool in the evaluation of cases already diagnosed by other methods.