Trajectories of antidepressant use and 6-year change in body weight: a prospective population-based cohort study.

Background: Antidepressant drug treatment may be associated with weight gain, but long-term studies are lacking.

Methods: We included 3,127 adults (1,701 women) from the REGICOR study, aged 55.6 (SD = 11.

Microviridae bacteriophages influence behavioural hallmarks of food addiction via tryptophan and tyrosine signalling pathways.

Food addiction contributes to the obesity pandemic, but the connection between how the gut microbiome is linked to food addiction remains largely unclear. Here we show that Microviridae bacteriophages, particularly Gokushovirus WZ-2015a, are associated with food addiction and obesity across multiple human cohorts. Further analyses reveal that food addiction and Gokushovirus are linked to serotonin and dopamine metabolism.

Sex differences in dementia diagnosis: a fourteen-year retrospective analysis of cases using the Registry of Dementia of Girona.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of sociodemographic and clinical sex/gender-associated factors on dementia severity at the time of diagnosis.

Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study using 2007-2020 data from the Registry of Dementia of Girona (ReDeGi), collecting information from new dementia diagnoses in the seven hospitals of the Health Region of Girona (Northeast region of Catalonia, Spain). Sociodemographic and clinical variables were compared by sex and dementia severity at diagnosis.

Association between different diet quality scores and depression risk: the REGICOR population-based cohort study.

Background: Our aim was to determine the association between diet quality and depression incidence in the population-based REGICOR cohort study, Catalonia, Spain.

Methods: Prospective observational study using participants' baseline (2003-2006), follow-up (2007-2013) and clinical records data. Five diet quality scores were derived from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline: the relative Mediterranean Diet Score (rMED), the Modified Mediterranean Diet Score (ModMDS), a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, a Healthful Plant-based Diet Index (HPDI) and the World Health Organization Healthy Diet Indicator (WHO-HDI).

Metformin-induced changes in the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome are associated with cognition in men.

Background: An altered gut microbiome characterized by reduced abundance of butyrate producing bacteria and reduced gene richness is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). An important complication of T2D is increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. The biguanide metformin is a commonly prescribed medication for the control of T2D and metformin treatment has been associated with a significant reduction in the risk of dementia and improved cognition, particularly in people with T2D.

Lower serum ferritin levels are associated with worse cognitive performance in aging.

Objectives: Iron is important for neurogenesis, synaptic development, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Serum ferritin (SF) is a reliable marker for assessing iron stores. Therefore, we evaluated the cognitive function associated with SF levels.

Multimorbidity patterns and disability and healthcare use in Europe: do the associations change with the regional socioeconomic status?

Multimorbidity, the concurrence of several chronic conditions, is a rising concern that increases the years lived with disability and poses a burden on healthcare systems. Little is known on how it interacts with socioeconomic deprivation, previously associated with poor health-related outcomes. We aimed to characterize the association between multimorbidity and these outcomes and how this relationship may change with socioeconomic development of regions.

Gut microbiota links to serum ferritin and cognition.

Iron is required for the replication and growth of almost all bacterial species and in the production of myelin and neurotransmitters. Increasing clinical studies evidence that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in iron metabolism and cognition. However, the understanding of the complex iron-microbiome-cognition crosstalk remains elusive.

Association of depression phenotypes and antidepressant treatment with mortality due to cancer and other causes: a community-based cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association of somatic depressive symptoms (SDS), cognitive/emotional depressive symptoms (C-EDS), and antidepressant treatment on mortality due to cancer and other causes in a community cohort.

Methods: A community-based sample recruited in 1995, 2000, and 2005 aged between 35 and 75 years was examined in two waves and followed for a median of 6.7 years.

Adipose tissue coregulates cognitive function.

Obesity is associated with cognitive decline. Recent observations in mice propose an adipose tissue (AT)-brain axis. We identified 188 genes from RNA sequencing of AT in three cohorts that were associated with performance in different cognitive domains.

A 14-Year Longitudinal Analysis of Healthcare Expenditure on Dementia and Related Factors (DEMENCOST Study).

Background: The large number of dementia cases produces a great pressure on health and social care services, which requires efficient planning to meet the needs of patients through infrastructure, equipment, and financial, technical, and personal resources adjusted to their demands. Dementia analysis requires studies with a very precise patient characterization of both the disease and comorbidities present, and long-term follow-up of patients in clinical aspects and patterns of resource utilization and costs generated.

Objective: To describe and quantify direct healthcare expenditure and its evolution from three years before and up to ten years after the diagnosis of dementia, compared to a matched group without dementia.

Plasma acylcarnitines and gut-derived aromatic amino acids as sex-specific hub metabolites of the human aging metabolome.

Aging biology entails a cell/tissue deregulated metabolism that affects all levels of biological organization. Therefore, the application of "omic" techniques that are closer to phenotype, such as metabolomics, to the study of the aging process should be a turning point in the definition of cellular processes involved. The main objective of the present study was to describe the changes in plasma metabolome associated with biological aging and the role of sex in the metabolic regulation during aging.

Control of Therapeutic Levels of Anticoagulation and Associated Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Maintaining therapeutic levels of anticoagulation is essential to avoid health complications in people who take vitamin K antagonists. This study aimed to analyze the influence of people's characteristics and the presence of changes in their lives in the control of therapeutic levels of anticoagulation. A longitudinal multicenter study with a 1-year follow-up of a cohort of 199 people receiving anticoagulant therapy was performed.

Longitudinal effect of dementia carers' sense of coherence on burden.

Background: A sense of coherence (SOC) could help us better understand why there are individuals who cope better than others in similar situations. The study aimed to assess the effect of SOC on the course of burden reports in relatives of persons with dementia.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 156 dementia carers.

Presence of Blastocystis in gut microbiota is associated with cognitive traits and decreased executive function.

Growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome in cognition. Blastocystis is a common gut single-cell eukaryote parasite frequently detected in humans but its potential involvement in human pathophysiology has been poorly characterized. Here we describe how the presence of Blastocystis in the gut microbiome was associated with deficits in executive function and altered gut bacterial composition in a discovery (n = 114) and replication cohorts (n = 942).

Microbiota alterations in proline metabolism impact depression.

The microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a novel target in depression, a disorder with low treatment efficacy. However, the field is dominated by underpowered studies focusing on major depression not addressing microbiome functionality, compositional nature, or confounding factors. We applied a multi-omics approach combining pre-clinical models with three human cohorts including patients with mild depression.

The effect of external stimulation on functional networks in the aging healthy human brain.

Understanding the brain changes occurring during aging can provide new insights for developing treatments that alleviate or reverse cognitive decline. Neurostimulation techniques have emerged as potential treatments for brain disorders and to improve cognitive functions. Nevertheless, given the ethical restrictions of neurostimulation approaches, in silico perturbation protocols based on causal whole-brain models are fundamental to gaining a mechanistic understanding of brain dynamics.

Caudovirales bacteriophages are associated with improved executive function and memory in flies, mice, and humans.

Growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome in cognition. Viruses, the most abundant life entities on the planet, are a commonly overlooked component of the gut virome, dominated by the Caudovirales and Microviridae bacteriophages. Here, we show in a discovery (n = 114) and a validation cohort (n = 942) that subjects with increased Caudovirales and Siphoviridae levels in the gut microbiome had better performance in executive processes and verbal memory.

Gender analysis of the frequency and course of depressive disorders and relationship with personality traits in general population: A prospective cohort study.

Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence and course of subthreshold depressive symptomatology (sDS) and probable major depressive episode (MDE) and to examine their association with personality traits among men and women.

Methods: A community-based sample aged 35 years or older was examined in two waves (median follow-up of 6.9 years).

Multimorbidity patterns and their related characteristics in European older adults: A longitudinal perspective.

Background: The concurrence of several chronic conditions is a rising concern that poses a serious burden on ageing populations. Analysing how these conditions appear together and how they change through time may provide useful information to design successful multimorbidity-management programs.

Objective: To identify multimorbidity patterns and their related characteristics from a longitudinal perspective.