An elastic siderophore synthetase and rubbery substrates assemble multimeric linear and macrocyclic hydroxamic acid metal chelators.

The trihydroxamic acid bacterial siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB, 1) produced by the DesABCD biosynthetic cluster coordinates metals beyond Fe(iii), which identifies potential to modify this chelator type to broaden metal sequestration and/or delivery applications. Rather than producing discrete chelators by total chemical synthesis from native monomers including -hydroxy--succinyl-cadaverine (HSC, 2), the recombinant siderophore synthetase from CNB-440 (DesD) was used with different substrate combinations to produce biocombinatorial mixtures of hydroxamic acid chelators. The mixtures were screened with Ga(iii) or Zr(iv) as surrogates of immunological positron emission tomography (PET) imaging radiometals Ga(iii) or Zr(iv) to inform known or new coordination chemistry.

The twisting elevator mechanism of glutamate transporters reveals the structural basis for the dual transport-channel functions.

Glutamate transporters facilitate the removal of this excitatory neurotransmitter from the synapse. Increasing evidence indicates that this process is linked to intrinsic chloride channel activity that is thermodynamically uncoupled from substrate transport. A recent cryo-EM structure of Glt - an archaeal homolog of the glutamate transporters - in an open channel state has shed light on the structural basis for channel opening formed at the interface of two domains within the transporter which is gated by two clusters of hydrophobic residues.

Clay, Zeolite and Oxide Minerals: Natural Catalytic Materials for the Ozonation of Organic Pollutants.

Ozone has been successfully employed in water treatment due to its ability to oxidize a wide variety of refractory compounds. In order to increase the process efficiency and optimize its economy, the implementation of heterogeneous catalysts has been encouraged. In this context, the use of cheap and widely available natural materials is a promising option that would promote the utilization of ozone in a cost-effective water treatment process.

Compact Carbon-Based Membrane Reactors for the Intensified Anaerobic Decolorization of Dye Effluents.

Carbon-based membranes integrated with anaerobic biodegradation are presented as a unique wastewater treatment approach to deal with dye effluents. This study explores the scope of ceramic-supported carbon membrane bioreactors (B-CSCM) and ceramic-supported graphene oxide membrane bioreactors (B-CSGOM) to decolorize azo dye mixtures (ADM) and other dyes. The mixture was prepared using an equimolar composition of monoazo Acid Orange 7, diazo Reactive Black 5, and triazo Direct Blue 71 dye aqueous solution.

Acetyl-CoA-Mediated Post-Biosynthetic Modification of Desferrioxamine B Generates - and N--Acetylated Isomers Controlled by a pH Switch.

Biosynthesis of the hydroxamic acid siderophore desferrioxamine D (DFOD, ), which is the -acetylated analogue of desferrioxamine B (DFOB, ), has been delineated. Enzyme-independent Ac-CoA-mediated -acetylation of produced , in addition to three constitutional isomers containing an N--acetyl group installed at either one of the three hydroxamic acid groups of . The formation of -Ac-DFOB (DFOD, ) and the composite of N--acetylated isomers N--Ac-DFOB[001] (), N--Ac-DFOB[010] (), and N--Ac-DFOB[100] () (defined as the N--Ac motif positioned within the terminal amine, internal, or -acetylated region of , respectively), was pH-dependent, with - dominant at pH < 8.

Psychomotor impairments and therapeutic implications revealed by a mutation associated with infantile Parkinsonism-Dystonia.

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 6.1 million people worldwide. Although the cause of PD remains unclear, studies of highly penetrant mutations identified in early-onset familial parkinsonism have contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathology.

Glutamate transporters have a chloride channel with two hydrophobic gates.

Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and its precise control is vital to maintain normal brain function and to prevent excitotoxicity. The removal of extracellular glutamate is achieved by plasma-membrane-bound transporters, which couple glutamate transport to sodium, potassium and pH gradients using an elevator mechanism. Glutamate transporters also conduct chloride ions by means of a channel-like process that is thermodynamically uncoupled from transport.

Amino Acid Transporters and Exchangers from the SLC1A Family: Structure, Mechanism and Roles in Physiology and Cancer.

The Solute Carrier 1A (SLC1A) family includes two major mammalian transport systems-the alanine serine cysteine transporters (ASCT1-2) and the human glutamate transporters otherwise known as the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1-5). The EAATs play a critical role in maintaining low synaptic concentrations of the major excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, and hence they have been widely researched over a number of years. More recently, the neutral amino acid exchanger, ASCT2 has garnered attention for its important role in cancer biology and potential as a molecular target for cancer therapy.

Separation of cellulose from industrial paper mill wastewater dried sludge using a commercial and cheap ionic liquid.

Industrial wastewaters and their treatment are now placed at the heart of the environmental concerns that industries face. Some research work has been carried out in order to limit the impact of these wastes on the environment as well as their costs. In this study, wastewater dehydrated sludge (55% wt.

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of diverse heterocyclic diphenolic compounds as inhibitors of DYRK1A.

Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-related kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a dual-specificity protein kinase that catalyses phosphorylation and autophosphorylation. Higher DYRK1A expression correlates with cancer, in particular glioblastoma present within the brain. We report here the synthesis and biological evaluation of new heterocyclic diphenolic derivatives designed as novel DYRK1A inhibitors.

Structural characterisation reveals insights into substrate recognition by the glutamine transporter ASCT2/SLC1A5.

Cancer cells undergo a shift in metabolism where they become reliant on nutrients such as the amino-acid glutamine. Glutamine enters the cell via the alanine/serine/cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) that is upregulated in several cancers to maintain an increased supply of this nutrient and are therefore an attractive target in cancer therapeutic development. ASCT2 belongs to the glutamate transporter (SLC1A) family but is the only transporter in this family able to transport glutamine.

Examining Measurement Invariance and Differences in Age Cohorts on the Supports Intensity Scale-Children's Version-Catalan Translation.

Data from 949 children and adolescents with intellectual disability ages 5 to 16 for whom the Supports Intensity Scale-Children's Version-Catalan Translation was completed was used, in combination with data from the U.S. standardization sample, to examine measurement invariance and latent differences in the Catalonian sample.

Structural Optimization and Pharmacological Evaluation of Inhibitors Targeting Dual-Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinases (DYRK) and CDC-like kinases (CLK) in Glioblastoma.

The DYRK family contains kinases that are up-regulated in malignancy and control several cancer hallmarks. To assess the anticancer potential of inhibitors targeting DYRK kinases, we developed a series of novel DYRK inhibitors based on the 7-azaindole scaffold. All compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit DYRK1A, DYRK1B, DYRK2, and the structurally related CLK1.

The Mendeleev-Meyer force project.

Here we present the Mendeleev-Meyer Force Project which aims at tabulating all materials and substances in a fashion similar to the periodic table. The goal is to group and tabulate substances using nanoscale force footprints rather than atomic number or electronic configuration as in the periodic table. The process is divided into: (1) acquiring nanoscale force data from materials, (2) parameterizing the raw data into standardized input features to generate a library, (3) feeding the standardized library into an algorithm to generate, enhance or exploit a model to identify a material or property.

Scale-up and economic analysis of biodiesel production from municipal primary sewage sludge.

Municipal wastewater sludge is a promising lipid feedstock for biodiesel production, but the need to eliminate the high water content before lipid extraction is the main limitation for scaling up. This study evaluates the economic feasibility of biodiesel production directly from liquid primary sludge based on experimental data at laboratory scale. Computational tools were used for the modelling of the process scale-up and the different configurations of lipid extraction to optimise this step, as it is the most expensive.

A Study on the Photoreaction of 2(5H)-Furanones with Substituted Acetylenes: Evidence for a Mechanistic Reformulation.

The photoreaction of 2(5H)-furanones with alkynes has been investigated. The complexity of this process is evidenced by the variety of isolated products, which have allowed disclosing interesting mechanistic aspects. When the reaction is performed in acetonitrile under direct excitation, in addition to the primary [2+2] cycloadducts, products derived from an 1,3-acyl shift rearrangement are also formed.

Outward- and inward-facing structures of a putative bacterial transition-metal transporter with homology to ferroportin.

In vertebrates, the iron exporter ferroportin releases Fe(2+) from cells into plasma, thereby maintaining iron homeostasis. The transport activity of ferroportin is suppressed by the peptide hormone hepcidin, which exhibits upregulated expression in chronic inflammation, causing iron-restrictive anaemia. However, due to the lack of structural information about ferroportin, the mechanisms of its iron transport and hepcidin-mediated regulation remain largely elusive.

Intramolecular Photoreactions of (5S)-5-Oxymethyl-2(5H)-furanones as a Tool for the Stereoselective Generation of Diverse Polycyclic Scaffolds.

The photoactivated evolution of a series of enantiomerically pure 5-oxymethyl-2(5H)-furanones has been investigated. The observed intramolecular photoreactions have proven to be a straightforward entry to diverse and stereochemically rich fragment-molecules, most of which contain the privileged tetrahydropyran (THP) scaffold. The formation of the THP involves a 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer process, leading to a diradical intermediate that recombines to form a new σ C-C bond.

TiO2-sludge carbon enhanced catalytic oxidative reaction in environmental wastewaters applications.

The enhanced oxidative potential of sludge carbon/TiO2 nano composites (SNCs), applied as heterogeneous catalysts in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), was studied. Fabrification of efficient SNCs using different methods and successful evaluation of their catalytic oxidative activity is reported for the first time. Surface modification processes of hydrothermal deposition, chemical treatment and sol-gel solution resulted in improved catalytic activity and good surface chemistry of the SNCs.

A potential application of sludge-based catalysts for the anaerobic bio-decolorization of tartrazine dye.

Two highly efficient (K2CO3/sludge carbon and ZnCl2/sludge carbon) solids were prepared by chemical addition following carbonization at 800 °C and were tested for anaerobic reduction of tartrazine dye in a continuous upflow packed-bed biological reactor, and their performance was compared to that of commercial activated carbon (CAC). The chemical and structural information of the solids was subjected to various characterizations in order to understand the mechanism for anaerobic decolorization, and efficiency for SBCZN800 and SBCPC800 materials was 87% and 74%, respectively, at a short space time (τ) of 2.0 min.

Unlocking higher harmonics in atomic force microscopy with gentle interactions.

In dynamic atomic force microscopy, nanoscale properties are encoded in the higher harmonics. Nevertheless, when gentle interactions and minimal invasiveness are required, these harmonics are typically undetectable. Here, we propose to externally drive an arbitrary number of exact higher harmonics above the noise level.

Monoterpene glycoside ESK246 from Pittosporum targets LAT3 amino acid transport and prostate cancer cell growth.

The L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) family consists of four members (LAT1-4) that mediate uptake of neutral amino acids including leucine. Leucine is not only important as a building block for proteins, but plays a critical role in mTORC1 signaling leading to protein translation. As such, LAT family members are commonly upregulated in cancer in order to fuel increased protein translation and cell growth.

Using the SIS to better align the funding of residential services to assessed support needs.

Resource allocation in social services has become an issue of the utmost importance, especially in these times in which budgets are tight. The aim of this study is to explore whether the SIS allows for the identification of groups of individuals presenting ID with different needs for support living in residential services in Catalonia, Spain, and if so whether or not a more efficient and fairer system of funding could be considered in comparison with the ICAP. The results show that the six categories of need for support resulting from this study could form the basis for better alignment the funding for those who live in this type of residence according to their assessed support needs.