Development and cross-sectional morphology of the recurrent laryngeal nerves in human fetuses.

The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a bilateral branch of the vagus nerve that is mainly associated with the motor innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx. Despite its bilateral distribution, the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves display unequal length due to embryological processes related to the development of the aortic arches. This length asymmetry leads to theories about morphological compensations to provide symmetrical functions to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx.

Consequences of ankle joint immobilisation: insights from a morphometric analysis about fibre typification, intramuscular connective tissue, and muscle spindle in rats.

Orthosis immobilisations are routinely used in orthopaedic procedures. This intervention is applicable in bone fractures, ligament injuries, and tendonitis, among other disorders of the musculoskeletal system. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ankle joint functional immobilisation on muscle fibre morphology, connective tissue, muscle spindle and fibre typification triggered by a novel metallic orthosis.

The absence of piriformis muscle, combined muscular fusion, and neurovascular variation in the gluteal region.

The gluteal region contains important neurovascular and muscular structures with diverse clinical and surgical implications. This paper aims to describe and discuss the clinical importance of a unique variation involving not only the piriformis, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, obturator internus, and superior gemellus muscles, but also the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle, and sciatic nerve. A routine dissection of a right hemipelvis and its gluteal region of a male cadaver fixed in 10% formalin was performed.

The anterolateral ligament of the knee is not a solid structure in human fetuses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if the anterolateral ligament of the knee (ALL) is present in the human fetus and describe its topography along with other structures of the region.

Methods: Forty human fetuses knee joints, at mean age 34 weeks (± 2.57 weeks), fixed in 10% formalin, were submitted to cross-sectional dissection and mesoscopic analysis.

Persistent median artery inside the carpal tunnel: description and surgical implications.

The median artery is usually a transient vessel during the embryonic period. However, this artery can persist in adult life as the persistent median artery. This paper aims to describe this relevant anatomical variation for surgeons, review the literature and discuss its clinical implications.

The and combined muscle variation: description and surgical relevance.

The authors describe a rare unilateral muscle variation in the thoracic wall combining the and muscles. A routine dissection was performed in the upper right limb of a male adult cadaver with approximately 35-50 years of age, embalmed in formalin 10%. An accessory muscle, the was identified and was associated with a tendon that was inserted in the medial humeral epicondyle, characteristic of the muscle tendon.

Short time insulin treatment post burn improves elastic-collagen rearrangement and reepithelization.

Extensive burn may cause acute resistance to insulin, which accentuates hypermetabolism, impairs glucose metabolism, immune dysfunction and risks of sepsis. To minimize these effects, insulin is used as a treatment. The purpose was to analyze the collagen-elastic arrangement effects of insulin on the burned skin.

STUDY OF THE ANTEROLATERAL LIGAMENT OF THE KNEE IN FORMALIN-EMBEDDED CADAVERS.

Objective: To verify the incidence and characterize morphologically the anterolateral ligament of the knee (ALL) in cadaveric samples of the collection of the Laboratory of Anatomy of the Department of Morphology of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.

Methods: Dissections and cross sections were performed for mesoscopic analysis of the anterolateral region of 15 knees preserved in 4% formalin solution in order to identify the ALL.

Results: After dissection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the knee anterolateral region, it was possible to identify the iliotibial tract (ITT), the patellar ligament and the femoral biceps tendon.

Accessory soleus muscle: a case report and clinical applicability.

Variations in leg muscle are uncommon. Literature on this subject is scarce, but when those variations are reported they may cause alterations in joint mechanics or cause some discomfort in the leg and foot. The accessory soleus muscle (ASM) is considered an unusual anatomical variation, with an incidence of 0.