Metformin in combination with chemotherapy increases apoptosis in gastric cancer cells and counteracts senescence induced by chemotherapy.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world, and there is a demand for new therapeutic agents to treat GC. Metformin has been demonstrated to be an antineoplastic agent in some types of cancer; however, it has not been sufficiently valued in treating GC because the effect of metformin in combination with chemotherapy regimens has not yet been evaluated. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying cell death induced by metformin alone or when combined with chemotherapy.

Single nucleotide polymorphism rs4961 in the adducin 1 gene is not associated with gastric cancer or preneoplastic cancer lesions.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most deadly cancer globally. The adducin 1 (ADD1) protein is involved in oncogenic signal transduction pathways in several types of cancer, and the rs4961 variant (c.1378 G>T, p.

Pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II, gastrin-17, and serological biomarkers in the diagnosis of precursor lesions of gastric cancer.

Introduction: Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are precursor lesions of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the biomarkers pepsinogen I(PgI), pepsinogen II (PgII), gastrin-17, and antibodies in the identification of precursor lesions.

Methods: We studied 129 patients with gastric symptoms.

Medium and large alleles of the PGC gene are risk factors for gastric cancer.

Background: A 100-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the pepsinogen C gene has been associated with the risk of gastric cancer (GC).

Objective: We analyzed the relationships of the 100-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism with GC, atrophic gastritis (AG), and intestinal metaplasia (IM) in the Mexican general population (MGP).

Methods: We studied the genomic DNA of subjects with GC n = 80, AG and IM n = 60, controls n = 110, and the MGP n = 97.

Low expression of E-Cadherin and variants associated with diffuse gastric cancer.

Background: Reduced or null expression of E-cadherin protein is a frequent cause of diffuse gastric cancer (DGC). More than 50% of patients with DGC present somatic variants in gene.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study E-cadherin expression and identify variants in the gene in gastric tumors of patients with DGC.

SOD2 Gene Variants (rs4880 and rs5746136) and Their Association with Breast Cancer Risk.

The superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the principal antioxidant defense system in the body that is activated by a reactive oxygen species. Some variants of the SOD2 gene have been associated with cancer. The rs4880 variant was determined by PCR real-time and the rs5746136 variant by PCR-RFLP in healthy subjects and in breast cancer (BC) patients.

Role of the BMP6 protein in breast cancer and other types of cancer.

The BMP6 protein (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6) is part of the superfamily of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) ligands, participates in iron homeostasis, inhibits invasion by increasing adhesions and cell-cell type interactions and induces angiogenesis directly on vascular endothelial cells. BMP6 is coded by a tumor suppressor gene whose subexpression is related to the development and cancer progression; during neoplastic processes, methylation is the main mechanism by which gene silencing occurs. This work presents a review on the role of BMP6 protein in breast cancer (BC) and other types of cancer.

Molecular and Hematological Analysis of Alpha- and Beta-Thalassemia in a Cohort of Mexican Patients.

Alpha- and beta-thalassemia are caused by reduced or absent synthesis of hemoglobin (Hb) subunits α and/or β. , , and mutations are the main cause of thalassemias. The aim of this article is to analyze molecular and hematological features of α- and β-thal in a cohort of Mexican patients.

Predicting Pathogenicity of CDH1 Gene Variants in Patients with Early-onset Diffuse Gastric Cancer from Western Mexico.

Background: Early-onset diffuse gastric cancer (EODGC) occurs at or before 50 years of age. Pathogenic mutations and germline deletions in the CDH1 gene (E-cadherin) are well-documented genetic factors associated with the causes of EODGC.

Objective: The objective of the study was to study CDH1 germline variants and their potential functional impact in patients with EODGC in a Mexican population.

The Relationship of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Gene with Lipid Profile, Glucose, and Blood Pressure in Mexican Population.

We analyzed the frequencies of the rs222749 G>A, rs222747 G>C, rs224534 G>A, and rs8065080 C > T polymorphisms in the gene and their relationships with biomarkers in a Mexican population. We included 195 students from two Mexican universities (72.3% female and 27.

CDH1 somatic alterations in Mexican patients with diffuse and mixed sporadic gastric cancer.

Background: Diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is associated with the reduction or absence of the expression of the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin (encoded by the CDH1 gene). Molecular characteristics are less well described for mixed gastric cancer (MGC). The main somatic alterations that have been described in the CDH1 gene are mutations, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and promoter methylation.

TYMS 2R3R polymorphism and DPYD [IVS]14+1G>A gene mutation in Mexican colorectal cancer patients.

Objective: To examine the association between TYMS 2R3R polymorphism and DPYD [IVS]14+1G>A mutation by comparing healthy subjects with colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the Mexican population.

Method: Genotyping of the 2R/3R was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and [IVS]14+1G>A mutation by real-time PCR analysis.

Results: The observed frequencies of the TYMS 2R3R polymorphism and the -[IVS]14+1G>A mutation in DPYD did not indicate an increased risk for CRC (p>0.

Los receptores epidérmicos humanos en el cáncer gástrico: alteraciones moleculares y su papel como diana terapéutica.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide; both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the etiology of this neoplasia. The human epidermal receptor (HER) pathway is essential for proliferation and differentiation of normal cells; but it is also implicated in the growth of cancer cells. In this work we investigate the molecular alterations in genes that encodes for HER receptors reported in GC, as well the role as therapeutic targets.

Thymidylate synthase gene variants as predictors of clinical response and toxicity to fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer.

Background: Fluoropyrimidines form the chemotherapy backbone of advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). These drugs are frequently associated with toxicity events that result in dose adjustments and even suspension of the treatment. The thymidylate synthase (TYMS) gene is a potential marker of response and toxicity to fluoropyirimidines as this enzyme is the molecular target of these drugs.

A Novel 31.1 kb α-Thalassemia Deletion (- -) Found in a Mexican Family.

α-Thalassemia (α-thal), a genetic disease characterized by microcytosis, hypochromia and anemia, is predominantly caused by deletions of the α-globin genes, HBA2 and HBA1. In this study, we describe a novel 31.1 kb α-thal deletion, - - (NC_000016.

[Risk factors associated to diffuse gastric cancer and intestinal histological patterns in an adult population from Western Mexico].

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and is divided histologically in diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) and intestinal gastric cancer (IGC). Multiple risk factors have been associated with GC in different populations. The objective was to analyze the risk factors associated to DGC and IGC in a population from the western region of Mexico.

Analysis of the polymorphisms EGFR-r521K and ERBB2-I655V in Mexican patients with gastric cancer and premalignant gastric lesions.

The proto-oncogenes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2), are involved in the development of diverse malignant tumors, including gastric cancer. We analyzed the association of SNPs EGFR-R521K and ERBB2-I655V with gastric cancer and premalignant gastric lesions in Mexican patients. Through restriction fragment length polymorphisms, we analyze both SNPs in the DNA from 155 patients with gastric cancer and premalignant gastric lesions, 121 controls, and 103 people from the Mexican general population.

[Gastric cancer: genetic and molecular abnormalities].

In this work, the genetic and molecular alterations involved in gastric carcinogenesis are shown; the affected genes are those that encoded for matrix metalloproteinases, cell growth factors and receptors, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, DNA repair and cell adhesion molecule genes, cell cycle regulators and others related to metastasis, as well as lost of heterozygosity in chromosomal regions.

Characterization of the 5' and 3' breakpoints of the Spanish (δβ)0-thalassemia deletion in Mexican patients.

We studied five unrelated Mexican carriers of the Spanish (δβ)(0)-thalassemia [(δβ)(0)-thal] mutation to characterize the size of the deletion, the 5' and 3' breakpoints and the 5' β-globin haplotype. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of an 89,548 bp deletion. The δ- and β-globin genes, two olfactory receptor genes (OR51V1 and OR52A1) and two pseudogenes (OR52Z1P and OR51A1P) were deleted.

Types and frequencies of hemoglobin disorders in the pacific coast of four states of Mexico.

Introduction: Hemoglobin disorders are classified into three main groups: structural variants, thalassemias (thal) and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH). OBJECTIVE. This study describes the types and frequencies of hemoglobinopathies from four states of the Pacific coast of Mexico (Jalisco, Colima, Nayarit and Michoacan).

Analysis of the SLC4A1 gene in three Mexican patients with hereditary spherocytosis: Report of a novel mutation.

We analyzed the SLC4A1 gene in three Mexican patients with Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS). The promoter and all 20 exons were investigated through heteroduplex analysis and DNA sequencing. No DNA changes were detected in one of the three patients.

[Polymorphism analysis of G199A, Ncol in ANK1 and Memphis I in SLC4A1 genes in Mexican healthy individuals and subjects affected with hereditary spherocytosis].

Background: In Mexico, Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) is the main cause of hereditary hemolytic anemia, due to mutations of one or more genes involved in the erythrocyte membrane, making it difficult to identify the primary gene.

Objective: With the purpose of estimating the use of the polymorphisms G199A and NcoI of ANK1 gene, and Memphis I of SLC4A1 gene, as genetic markers to screen this disease, we searched the allelic and genotypic frequencies in 45 DNA samples of HS patients and 28 from healthy individuals.

Results: Allelic and genotypic frequencies were similar in both studied groups for the G199A and Memphis I polymorphisms, with low frequency of heterozygosis showing its limited use as a genetic marker.