Human influenza virus challenge identifies cellular correlates of protection for oral vaccination.

Developing new influenza vaccines with improved performance and easier administration routes hinges on defining correlates of protection. Vaccine-elicited cellular correlates of protection for influenza in humans have not yet been demonstrated. A phase-2 double-blind randomized placebo and active (inactivated influenza vaccine) controlled study provides evidence that a human-adenovirus-5-based oral influenza vaccine tablet (VXA-A1.

3D analysis of bone mineral density in a cohort: age- and sex-related differences.

Unlabelled: Women have lower areal BMD (g/cm) than men; however, the women have smaller-size bones. Our study showed that women ≤ 59 years have a hip volumetric BMD by DXA 3D similar to that of men of the same age. This makes us think about the importance of taking into account bone size at the time of analyzing the sex-related differences in bone mass.

The atherogenic index of plasma is related to a degraded bone microarchitecture assessed by the trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women: The Camargo Cohort Study.

Objective: To assess the association between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the trabecular bone score (TBS) in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, to analyze its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD), and serum concentrations of 25OHD, PTH, and bone turnover markers.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study nested in a population-based cohort of 1,367 postmenopausal women aged 44-94 years.

Unexplored lipolytic activity of Escherichia coli: Implications for lipase cloning.

Recent investigations on cloned bacterial lipases performed in our laboratory revealed the presence of lipolytic activity that was not due to the cloned lipase-coding gene but was probably the result of an intrinsic activity of Escherichia coli itself. To confirm such a hypothesis, we assayed the activity of frequently used E. coli strains by fast paper tests, zymograms and spectrofluorometry.

Development of an antimicrobial bioactive paper made from bacterial cellulose.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has emerged as an attractive adsorptive material for antimicrobial agents due to its fine network structure, its large surface area, and its high porosity. In the present study, BC paper was first produced and then lysozyme was immobilized onto it by physical adsorption, obtaining a composite of lysozyme-BC paper. The morphology and the crystalline structure of the composite were similar to that of BC paper as examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively.

Shelf life estimation of Blackberry ( Benth) with bacterial cellulose film coating from .

The Castile blackberry ( Benth) is an Andean crop with nutritional and antioxidant properties. The intake of this fruit potentiates the immune system and reduces the risk of developing degenerative and cardiovascular diseases. However, the Castile blackberry is one of the most perishable fruits due to its high respiration rate and the lack of protectant peel, making this fruit susceptible to microbial attack and rapid deterioration.

Bacterial Cellulose-Chitosan Paper with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities.

The production of paper-based bacterial cellulose-chitosan (BC-Ch) nanocomposites was accomplished following two different approaches. In the first, BC paper sheets were produced and then immersed in an aqueous solution of chitosan (BC-ChI); in the second, BC pulp was impregnated with chitosan prior to the production of paper sheets (BC-ChM). BC-Ch nanocomposites were investigated in terms of physical characteristics, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and the ability to inhibit the formation of biofilms on their surface.

Trabecular bone score and bone quantitative ultrasound in Spanish postmenopausal women. The Camargo Cohort Study.

Objective: To evaluate trabecular bone score (TBS) in Spanish postmenopausal women from our area. To analyze its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD), bone quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone turnover markers.

Study Design: A total of 1450 postmenopausal women aged 44-94 (62 ± 10) participated in this cross-sectional study nested in a population-based cohort.

Differential antioxidant activity of glucuronoxylooligosaccharides (UXOS) and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) produced by two novel xylanases.

XOS are particularly interesting bioactive molecules. Bacillus safensis CBLMA18, a xylanolytic bacterium has been isolated and two of its xylanases have been identified and fully characterized. Xyn11A is an extracellular 22.

Assessing the enzymatic effects of cellulases and LPMO in improving mechanical fibrillation of cotton linters.

Background: The increasing interest in replacing petroleum-based products by more sustainable materials in the packaging sector gives relevance to cellulose as a biodegradable natural resource. Moreover, its properties can be modified physically, chemically or biotechnologically in order to obtain new bioproducts. Refined cotton linters with high cellulose content were treated with hydrolytic (cellulases) and oxidative (LPMO and Laccase_Tempo) enzymes to evaluate their effect on fibre properties and in improving mechanical fibrillation.

Differential activity of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases on celluloses of different crystallinity. Effectiveness in the sustainable production of cellulose nanofibrils.

A series of cellulosic substrates has been produced, treated with lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) from Streptomyces ambofaciens (SamLPMO10C), and analyzed by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD). The activity of the bacterial LPMO showed high variability depending on the origin and degree of crystallinity of the substrate. Additionally, we tested the effectiveness of SamLPMO10C in the nanofibrillation of flax, a high crystalline agricultural fiber, as a single pretreatment or in combination with cellulases.

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Obese Spanish Adults: the Camargo Cohort Study.

Objectives: To describe the 25(OH)D status in Spanish obese postmenopausal women and men ≥ 50 years, to compare their results with those of the overweight or normal weight population, and to determine whether differences are observed between both sexes and with seasonal variation throughout the year.

Patients And Methods: We studied 2597 subjects (1826 postmenopausal women and 771 men ≥ 50 years). Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), aminoterminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) were determined by electrochemiluminiscence (Elecsys 2010, Roche).

Antioxidant activity of xylooligosaccharides produced from glucuronoxylan by Xyn10A and Xyn30D xylanases and eucalyptus autohydrolysates.

Antioxidant activity of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) released from beechwood and birchwood glucuronoxylans by two different xylanases, one from family GH10 (Xyn10A) and another from family GH30 (Xyn30D) was examined. The ABTS (2, 2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) method was used, since it resulted more accurate for the antioxidant activity determination of XOS. Thin layer chromatography and MALDI-TOF MS analysis showed that Xyn10A produced a mixture of neutral and acidic XOS whereas the XOS produced by Xyn30D were all acidic, containing a methylglucuronic acid (MeGlcA) ramification.

GPR56/ADGRG1 Inhibits Mesenchymal Differentiation and Radioresistance in Glioblastoma.

A mesenchymal transition occurs both during the natural evolution of glioblastoma (GBM) and in response to therapy. Here, we report that the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR56/ADGRG1, inhibits GBM mesenchymal differentiation and radioresistance. GPR56 is enriched in proneural and classical GBMs and is lost during their transition toward a mesenchymal subtype.

Rational evolution of the unusual Y-type oxyanion hole of Rhodococcus sp. CR53 lipase LipR.

Rhodococcus sp CR-53 lipase LipR was the first characterized member of bacterial lipase family X. Interestingly, LipR displays some similarity with α/β-hydrolases of the C. antartica lipase A (CAL-A)-like superfamily (abH38), bearing a Y-type oxyanion hole, never found before among bacterial lipases.

Alternative Oils Tested as Feedstocks for Enzymatic FAMEs Synthesis: Toward a More Sustainable Process.

Previously isolated and characterized Pseudomonas lipases were immobilized in a low-cost MP-1000 support by a re-loading procedure that allowed a high activity per weight of support. Immobilized LipA, LipC, and LipCmut lipases, and commercial Novozym® 435 were tested for fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) synthesis using conventional and alternative feedstocks. Triolein and degummed soybean oils were used as model substrates, whereas waste cooking oil and M.

Bacillus sp. JR3 esterase LipJ: A new mesophilic enzyme showing traces of a thermophilic past.

A search for extremophile enzymes from ancient volcanic soils in El Hierro Island (Canary Islands, Spain) allowed isolation of a microbial sporulated strain collection from which several enzymatic activities were tested. Isolates were obtained after sample cultivation under several conditions of nutrient contents and temperature. Among the bacterial isolates, supernatants from the strain designated JR3 displayed high esterase activity at temperatures ranging from 30 to 100°C, suggesting the presence of at least a hyper-thermophilic extracellular lipase.

Prevalence of vertebral fracture and densitometric osteoporosis in Spanish adult men: The Camargo Cohort Study.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of densitometric osteoporosis and vertebral fractures in Spanish men aged ≥50 years, and to study how the relationship between them may change depending on how osteoporosis is diagnosed. A community-based population of 1003 men aged ≥50 years was studied. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DXA at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip.

Systemic and mucosal immune responses following oral adenoviral delivery of influenza vaccine to the human intestine by radio controlled capsule.

There are several benefits of oral immunization including the ability to elicit mucosal immune responses that may protect against pathogens that invade through a mucosal surface. Our understanding of human immune biology is hampered by the difficulty in isolating mucosal cells from humans, and the fact that animal models may or may not completely mirror human intestinal immunobiology. In this human pharmacodynamic study, a novel adenovirus vector-based platform expressing influenza hemagglutinin was explored.

Influence of vitamin D status on the effect of statins on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women.

Objective: This study sought to assess whether the association between statin use and bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers is modulated by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels in postmenopausal women. Design, Participants, and Settings: Approximately 1422 postmenopausal women were recruited from the Camargo Cohort after excluding those with any known medical disorder or drug that might affect bone metabolism. Participants were categorized into four groups: 25OHD levels of 20 ng/mL or less and not taking statins (group 1; n = 492); 25OHD levels greater than 20 ng/mL and on statins (group 2; n = 143); 25OHD levels of 20 ng/mL or less and using statins (group 3; n = 112); and 2OHD levels greater than 20 ng/mL and non-statin use (group 4; n = 675).

Bone mineral density in statin users: a population-based analysis from a Spanish cohort.

We studied 2,315 subjects (1,422 women and 893 men) from the Camargo Cohort and analyzed the differences in BMD between statin or non-statin users. We also studied effects of the type of statin, dose, pharmacokinetic properties, and length of treatment on bone mineral density (BMD). Of the subjects, 478 (21 %) were taking statins (256 women and 222 men).

Bone turnover markers in statin users: a population-based analysis from the Camargo Cohort Study.

Objective: To analyze the effects of statin use on bone turnover markers (BTM), in participants from a large population-based cohort.

Subjects And Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 2431 subjects (1401 women and 930 men) from the Camargo Cohort. We analyzed the differences in serum BTM between statin or non-statin users, by means of a generalized linear model, adjusted for a wide set of covariates and stratified by diabetes status.

Influence of vitamin D status on vertebral fractures, bone mineral density, and bone turnover markers in normocalcemic postmenopausal women with high parathyroid hormone levels.

Objective: The aims of the study were to analyze whether there is an association between serum PTH and the prevalence of vertebral fractures and its possible dependence on vitamin D status, and to assess the influence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in the relationship between PTH and bone mineral density (BMD) or bone turnover markers (BTMs).

Design, Participants, And Setting: A total of 820 postmenopausal women were recruited after excluding those with any known condition that could influence serum PTH levels, except for a possible low serum 25OHD. Serum PTH and 25OHD concentrations, as well as vertebral fracture prevalence, BMD, and BTM (CTX and PINP) values were recorded.

Oral administration of an adenovirus vector encoding both an avian influenza A hemagglutinin and a TLR3 ligand induces antigen specific granzyme B and IFN-γ T cell responses in humans.

Purpose: To test the safety and immunogenicity of an orally delivered avian influenza vaccine. The vaccine has a non-replicating adenovirus type 5 vector backbone which expresses hemagglutinin from avian influenza and a TLR3 ligand as an adjuvant.

Methods: Forty-two subjects were randomized into 3 groups dosed with either 1×10(10), 1×10(9), or 1×10(8) IU of the vaccine administered in capsules.