spp. and spp. as reservoirs of carbapenemase and resistance genes in hospital wastewater.

Unlabelled: Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a global threat to public health, generating a growing interest in investigating the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in environments influenced by anthropogenic activities. Wastewater treatment plants in hospital serve as significant reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, where a favorable environment is established, promoting the proliferation and transfer of resistance genes among different bacterial species. In our study, we isolated a total of 243 strains from 5 hospital wastewater sites in Mexico, belonging to 21 distinct Gram-negative bacterial species.

Identification of Providencia spp. clinical isolates co-producing carbapenemases IMP-27, OXA-24, and OXA-58 in Mexico.

Providencia rettgeri, belonging to the genus Providencia, had gained significant interest due to its increasing prevalence as a common pathogen responsible for healthcare-associated infections in hospitals. P. rettgeri isolates producing carbapenemases have been reported to reduce the efficiency of carbapenems in clinical antimicrobial therapy.

Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-28 in Mexico.

The spread of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli has constantly increased in both clinical and community infections. Actually, the main ESBL reported is the CTX-M family, which is widely disseminated between the Enterobacteriaceae family. The epidemiology of the CTX-M family shows the CTX-M-15 variant dominating worldwide, followed by CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-27.

Genetic characterization of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump QepA among ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates in Mexico.

Antimicrobial resistance is a major global public health problem, with fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Escherichia coli posing a significant threat. This study examines the genetic characterization of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Mexican hospitals, which are resistant to both cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones.

Plasmids of the incompatibility group FIB occur in Klebsiella variicola from diverse ecological niches.

Plasmids play a fundamental role in the evolution of bacteria by allowing them to adapt to different environments and acquire, through horizontal transfer, genes that confer resistance to different classes of antibiotics. Using the available in vitro and in silico plasmid typing systems, we analyzed a set of isolates and public genomes of K. variicola to study its plasmid diversity.

Klebsiella pneumoniae K2 producer of pyogenic liver abscess associated with biliary communication.

Introduction: Hypervirulent strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae have gained clinical and epidemiological interest because of their capacity to cause severe and life-threatening infections.

Methodology: We report a case involving infection with a hypervirulent K. pneumoniae K2 strain that caused liver abscess in a young woman with type 1 diabetes in Mexico.

PCR system for the correct differentiation of the main bacterial species of the Klebsiella pneumoniae complex.

Accurate recognition of the closely related species Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae and Klebsiella variicola by phenotypic, biochemical and automated tests is notoriously unreliable in hospitals' diagnostic laboratories. A comparative genomics approach was conducted for the correct differentiation of the main bacterial species in the K. pneumoniae complex.

Exploring the environmental traits and applications of Klebsiella variicola.

Klebsiella variicola has been found in various natural niches, alone or in association with other bacteria, and causes diseases in animals and plants with important economic and environmental impacts. K. variicola has the capacity to fix nitrogen in the rhizosphere and soil; produces indole acetic acid, acetoin, and ammonia; and dissolves phosphorus and potassium, which play an important role in plant growth promotion and nutrition.

Molecular characterization of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 isolated from bovine mastitis.

Bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland of dairy cattle, is the most prevalent disease causing economically important losses, reduced milk production, early culling, veterinary expenses, and higher death rates. Bovine mastitis infections are the main cause for the use of antibiotics; however, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the poor or nil response to antibiotics has become a critical global health problem. The goal of this study was the characterization of bacterial infections associated with clinical bovine mastitis.

ESBL-producing and from health-care institutions in Mexico.

We investigated the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of Extended-Spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and clinical isolates from four health-care institutions in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. ESBL-producing isolates were collected from February to August 2016. The prevalence of ESBL-producing and was 11.

Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella variicola obtained from different sources.

Klebsiella variicola is considered an emerging pathogen in humans and has been described in different environments. K. variicola belongs to Klebsiella pneumoniae complex, which has expanded the taxonomic classification and hindered epidemiological and evolutionary studies.

: an emerging pathogen in humans.

The complex comprises seven related species, including . is a versatile bacterium capable of colonizing different hosts such as plants, humans, insects and animals. Currently, is gaining recognition as a cause of several human infections; nevertheless, its virulence profile is not fully characterized.

Molecular characterization and pathogenicity determination of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates serotype K2 in Mexico.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae have been rarely described in Latin America. This work describes the characterization of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae isolates capsular serotype K2 belonging to sequence types 86 and 380.

Cellular stress associated with the differentiation of Plasmodium berghei ookinetes.

For malaria transmission, Plasmodium parasites must develop in the mosquito vector. Oxidative stress in the insect midgut, triggered by environmental changes (e.g.

Sepsis, mitochondrial failure and multiple organ dysfunction.

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to consider the state of oxidative stress, failure of the antioxidant systems and mitochondrial failure as the main physiopathological mechanisms leading to multiple organ dysfunction during sepsis.

Principal Findings: Sepsis is a clinical syndrome caused by a severe infection that triggers an exaggerated inflammatory response. Involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis are the activation of inflammatory, immune, hormonal, metabolic and bioenergetic responses.