Modeling of the Production of Lipid Microparticles Using PGSS Technique.

Solid lipid microparticles (SLMPs) are attractive carriers as delivery systems as they are stable, easy to manufacture and can provide controlled release of bioactive agents and increase their efficacy and/or safety. Particles from Gas-Saturated Solutions (PGSS) technique is a solvent-free technology to produce SLMPs, which involves the use of supercritical CO (scCO) at mild pressures and temperatures for the melting of lipids and atomization into particles. The determination of the key processing variables is crucial in PGSS technique to obtain reliable and reproducible microparticles, therefore the modelling of SLMPs production process and variables control are of great interest to obtain quality therapeutic systems.

Comparison between thermophysical and tribological properties of two engine lubricant additives: electrochemically exfoliated graphene and molybdenum disulfide nanoplatelets.

Recently graphene and other 2D materials were suggested as nano additives to enhance the performance of nanolubricants and reducing friction and wear-related failures in moving mechanical parts. Nevertheless, to our knowledge there are no previous studies on electrochemical exfoliated nanomaterials as lubricant additives. In this work, engine oil-based nanolubricants were developed via two-steps method using two different 2D nanomaterials: a carbon-based nano additive, graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and a sulphide nanomaterial, molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanoplatelets (MSNP).

Tribological Behavior of Nanolubricants Based on Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles and Trimethylolpropane Trioleate Base Oil.

The main task of this work is to study the tribological performance of nanolubricants formed by trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO) base oil with magnetic nanoparticles coated with oleic acid: FeO of two sizes 6.3 nm and 10 nm, and Nd alloy compound of 19 nm. Coated nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation or thermal decomposition by adsorption with oleic acid in the same step.

Experimental Convection Heat Transfer Analysis of a Nano-Enhanced Industrial Coolant.

Convection heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops of four functionalized graphene nanoplatelet nanofluids based on the commercial coolant Havoline XLC Pre-mixed 50/50 were experimentally determined to assess its thermal performance. The potential heat transfer enhancement produced by nanofluids could play an important role in increasing the efficiency of cooling systems. Particularly in wind power, the increasing size of the wind turbines, up to 10 MW nowadays, requires sophisticated liquid cooling systems to keep the nominal temperature conditions and protect the components from temperature degradation and hazardous environment in off-shore wind parks.

PEG 400-Based Phase Change Materials Nano-Enhanced with Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelets.

This study presents new Nano-enhanced Phase Change Materials, NePCMs, formulated as dispersions of functionalized graphene nanoplatelets in a poly(ethylene glycol) with a mass-average molecular mass of 400 g·mol for possible use in Thermal Energy Storage. Morphology, functionalization, purity, molecular mass and thermal stability of the graphene nanomaterial and/or the poly(ethylene glycol) were characterized. Design parameters of NePCMs were defined on the basis of a temporal stability study of nanoplatelet dispersions using dynamic light scattering.

Thermodynamic scaling of the shear viscosity of Mie n-6 fluids and their binary mixtures.

In this work, we have evaluated the applicability of the so-called thermodynamic scaling and the isomorph frame to describe the shear viscosity of Mie n-6 fluids of varying repulsive exponents (n = 8, 12, 18, 24, and 36). Furthermore, the effectiveness of the thermodynamic scaling to deal with binary mixtures of Mie n-6 fluids has been explored as well. To generate the viscosity database of these fluids, extensive non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for various thermodynamic conditions.

Ionic liquids based on phosphonium cations as neat lubricants or lubricant additives for a steel/steel contact.

After doing several miscibility essays with eight ionic liquids (ILs) and four base oils, the ILs tri(butyl)ethylphosphonium diethylphosphate [P4,4,4,2][C2C2PO4] and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [P6,6,6,14][(C2F5)3PF3] were selected to be studied as lubricant additives. The neat IL [P4,4,4,2][C2C2PO4], the base oils, and several blends were characterized in terms of density, viscosity, and thermal stability. The tribological performance of the miscible base oil/IL blends (1 wt %) and the neat [P4,4,4,2][C2C2PO4] were evaluated for the lubrication of an AISI 420 steel-100Cr6 steel contact pair.

Bulk and liquid-vapor interface of pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids: a molecular simulation study.

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we have studied the structure of three 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium ionic liquids whose anions are triflate, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate. The structure of the bulk phase of the three ionic liquids has been interpreted using radial and spatial distribution functions and structure factors that allows us to characterize the morphology of the polar and nonpolar domains present in this family of liquids. The size of the polar regions depends on the anion size, whereas the morphology of the nonpolar domains is anion-independent.

Using molecular simulation to understand the structure of [C2C1im]+-alkylsulfate ionic liquids: bulk and liquid-vapor interfaces.

Using molecular dynamics simulations we have studied the structure of alkylsulfate-based ionic liquids: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium n-alkylsulfate [C(2)C(1)im][C(n)SO(4)] (n = 2, 4, 6 and 8). The structure of the different ionic liquids have been interpreted taking into account radial and spatial distribution functions, and structure factors, that allowed us to characterize the morphology of the polar and nonpolar domains present in this family of liquids. The size of the nonpolar regions depends linearly on the anion alkyl chain length.

On the density scaling of pVT data and transport properties for molecular and ionic liquids.

In this work, a general equation of state (EOS) recently derived by Grzybowski et al. [Phys. Rev.

Density scaling of the transport properties of molecular and ionic liquids.

Casalini and Roland [Phys. Rev. E 69, 062501 (2004); J.

Scaling of the viscosity of the Lennard-Jones chain fluid model, argon, and some normal alkanes.

In this work, we have tested the efficiency of two scaling approaches aiming at relating shear viscosity to a single thermodynamic quantity in dense fluids, namely the excess entropy and the thermodynamic scaling methods. Using accurate databases, we have applied these approaches first to a model fluid, the flexible Lennard-Jones chain fluid (from the monomer to the hexadecamer), then to real fluids, such as argon and normal alkanes. To enlarge noticeably the range of thermodynamics conditions for which these scaling methods are applicable, we have shown that the use of the residual viscosity instead of the total viscosity is preferable in the scaling procedures.

[Adverse effects of the human papillomavirus vaccine].

Objective: To describe the most frequent adverse reactions produced by the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study using a telephone survey.

Setting: A province in the Andalusian Public Health System.

Relationship between viscosity coefficients and volumetric properties using a scaling concept for molecular and ionic liquids.

In this work, a scaling concept based on relaxation theories of the liquid state was combined with a relation previously proposed by the authors to provide a general framework describing the dependency of viscosity on pressure and temperature. Namely, the viscosity-pressure coefficient (partial differentialeta/partial differentialp)T was expressed in terms of a state-independent scaling exponent, gamma. This scaling factor was determined empirically from viscosity versus Tvgamma curves.